Adjustable hysteresis in micro

This simple circuit lets you adjust the otherwise fixed hysteresis (the voltage difference between rising and falling thresholds on V_CC) that governs the operation of a 3-pin microprocessor-reset IC.

A similar version of this article appeared in the July 31, 2008 issue of Portable Design magazine.

Microprocessor-based systems often include one of the many available 3-pin microprocessor-reset ICs. These devices monitor a single power supply rail, and provide a system reset signal in response to undervoltage conditions. Normally such ICs exhibit a fixed hysteresis (the voltage difference between rising and falling thresholds on V_CC), but a simple circuit (Figure 1) lets you adjust that voltage difference.


Figure 1. In this circuit, the R_H and R_P values let you adjust the hysteresis that determines RESET timing.

As V_IN rises above 1.0V, the active-low RESET output asserts low to indicate that the input voltage is below the monitoring threshold. Current flows from V_IN through R_P to the internal MOSFET driver and through R_H to ground, developing an offset voltage across R_H. Because the internal voltage reference is referred to GND, the offset voltage adds to the V_CC rising threshold. The new rising threshold can be calculated as follows:

When V_IN crosses this rising threshold and remains above it for the reset timeout, active-low RESET de-asserts and current through R_H drops, allowing the V_CC threshold to shift back to its normal level.

Consider a microprocessor-reset IC (MAX6383XR31D1) with 3.08V threshold and pullup resistor (R_P) of 10kΩ. If you want the rising threshold to be 3.18V (100mV hysteresis), solve the above equation for R_H (neglecting supply current and the finite on-resistance of the MOSFET output driver), and obtain 324.68Ω. The closest value in standard 1% resistors is 324Ω.

An oscilloscope photo (Figure 2) shows the circuit operation. The measured rising threshold is 3.1984V and the falling threshold is 3.0891V, producing 109.3mV of hysteresis. The 9.3mV discrepancy (with respect to the calculated value of 100mV) is attributed primarily to MOSFET on-resistance, supply current into the device, and resistor tolerances.


Figure 2. These waveforms from the Figure 1 circuit show 100mV hysteresis. That is, the difference in volts at which V_CC (CH1) intersects the rising and falling edges of active-low RESET (CH2) is 100mV.

Note that R_H increases the active-low RESET output V_OL (logic-low output voltage) by the hysteresis voltage. In this case, V_OL measures a maximum of 127mV. You should therefore check to ensure that circuitry connected to active-low RESET can tolerate the higher V_OL.