光控相变信息存储技术(Phase-Change Memory)是一种利用激光脉冲作用相变材料,使其在晶相和非晶相之间快速可逆转变的技术。一般,该类材料的不同物相之间具有显著的光电信号对比非易失性,可用于光存储及光计算领域。因此,激光驱动材料的相变工作机制成为该领域的核心科学问题。近期,钪锑碲(Sc-Sb-Te)相变材料因具有很快的结晶速度,而在电存储器件中展现出了重要潜力。进一步探讨钪锑碲与光之间的相互作用过程,可为其拓展在光存储等领域中的应用提供重要依据。
近日吉林大学李贤斌教授、清华大学孙洪波教授等基于含时密度泛函理论的分子动力学计算,研究了超快光激发作用下,钪锑碲相变材料的非晶化相变动力学过程。结果表明,以钪为中心的类超原子结构单元在钪锑碲的非晶化中起着重要作用。一方面,这些结构单元在激发作用下依旧能够稳定存在;另一方面,激发电子能选择性地占据钪的d-t2g轨道,导致钪中心单元的键角发生显著改变。其结果是,钪中心单元邻近的锑碲化学键在相变时更容易被削弱。因此,在超快光激发作用下,钪中心单元可促进相变材料周围价键网络的断裂、转变以及重组,从而驱动材料实现快速非晶化相变。作者阐明了光激发驱动钪锑碲非晶化过程的内在机理,为钪锑碲在未来光存储、光计算等方面的应用提供了物理图像。
Time-dependent density-functional theory molecular-dynamicsstudy on amorphization of Sc-Sb-Te alloy under opticalexcitation
Xue-Peng Wang, Xian-Bin Li, Nian-Ke Chen, Junhyeok Bang, Ryky Nelson, Christina Ertural, Richard Dronskowski, Hong-Bo Sun& Shengbai Zhang
Recently, all-optical memory and optical-computation properties of phase-change materialsare receiving intensive attention. Since writing/erasing information in these devices is usually achieved by laser pulses, the interaction between the laser and the phase-change materials becomes a key issue for such new applications. In this work, by a time-dependent density-functional theory molecular-dynamics study, the physics underlying the optical excitation induced amorphization of Sc-Sb-Te is revealed, which goes back to superatom-like Sc-centered structural motifs. These motifs are found to be still robust under the excitation. A selected occupation of the Sc d-t2g orbitals (as a result of optical excitation) leads to a significant change of Sc-centered bond angles. In addition, the especially weak Sb-Te bonds next to the Sc motifs are further diminished by excitations. Therefore, the Sc-centered motifs can promote breaking, switching, and reforming of the surrounding Sb-Te network and, therefore, facilitate the amorphization of Sc-Sb-Te. The study shows the unique role of Sc-centered motifs in optically induced phase transition and displays potential applications of Sc-Sb-Te alloysin optical memory/computation.
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