Django3如何使用WebSocket实现WebShell-电子发烧友网

前言最近工作中需要开发前端操作远程虚拟机的功能，简称 WebShell。基于当前的技术栈为 react+django，调研了一会发现大部分的后端实现都是 django+channels 来实现 websocket 服务。

大致看了下觉得这不够有趣，翻了翻 django 的官方文档发现 django 原生是不支持 websocket 的，但 django3 之后支持了 asgi 协议可以自己实现 websocket 服务。

于是选定 gunic orn+uvicorn+asgi+websocket+django3.2+paramiko 来实现 WebShell。

实现 websocket 服务使用 django 自带的脚手架生成的项目会自动生成 asgi.py 和 wsgi.py 两个文件，普通应用大部分用的都是 wsgi.py 配合 nginx 部署线上服务。

这次主要使用 asgi.py 实现 websocket 服务的思路大致网上搜一下就能找到，主要就是实现 connect/send/receive/disconnect 这个几个动作的处理方法。

这里 How to Add Websockets to a Django App without Extra Dependencies就是一个很好的实例，但过于简单……

思路

#asgi.py
importos

fromdjango.core.asgiimportget_asgi_application
fromwebsocket_app.websocketimportwebsocket_application

os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE','websocket_app.settings')

django_application=get_asgi_application()


asyncdefapplication(scope,receive,send):
ifscope['type']=='http':
awaitdjango_application(scope,receive,send)
elifscope['type']=='websocket':
awaitwebsocket_application(scope,receive,send)
else:
raiseNotImplementedError(f"Unknownscopetype{scope['type']}")


#websocket.py
asyncdefwebsocket_application(scope,receive,send):
pass

#websocket.py
asyncdefwebsocket_application(scope,receive,send):
whileTrue:
event=awaitreceive()

ifevent['type']=='websocket.connect':
awaitsend({
'type':'websocket.accept'
})

ifevent['type']=='websocket.disconnect':
break

ifevent['type']=='websocket.receive':
ifevent['text']=='ping':
awaitsend({
'type':'websocket.send',
'text':'pong!'
})

实现

上面的代码提供了思路

其中最核心的实现部分我放下面：

classWebSocket:
def__init__(self,scope,receive,send):
self._scope=scope
self._receive=receive
self._send=send
self._client_state=State.CONNECTING
self._app_state=State.CONNECTING

@property
defheaders(self):
returnHeaders(self._scope)

@property
defscheme(self):
returnself._scope["scheme"]

@property
defpath(self):
returnself._scope["path"]

@property
defquery_params(self):
returnQueryParams(self._scope["query_string"].decode())

@property
defquery_string(self)->str:
returnself._scope["query_string"]

@property
defscope(self):
returnself._scope

asyncdefaccept(self,subprotocol:str=None):
"""Acceptconnection.
:paramsubprotocol:Thesubprotocoltheserverwishestoaccept.
:typesubprotocol:str,optional
"""
ifself._client_state==State.CONNECTING:
awaitself.receive()
awaitself.send({"type":SendEvent.ACCEPT,"subprotocol":subprotocol})

asyncdefclose(self,code:int=1000):
awaitself.send({"type":SendEvent.CLOSE,"code":code})

asyncdefsend(self,message:t.Mapping):
ifself._app_state==State.DISCONNECTED:
raiseRuntimeError("WebSocketisdisconnected.")

ifself._app_state==State.CONNECTING:
assertmessage["type"]in{SendEvent.ACCEPT,SendEvent.CLOSE},(
'Couldnotwriteevent"%s"intosocketinconnectingstate.'
%message["type"]
)
ifmessage["type"]==SendEvent.CLOSE:
self._app_state=State.DISCONNECTED
else:
self._app_state=State.CONNECTED

elifself._app_state==State.CONNECTED:
assertmessage["type"]in{SendEvent.SEND,SendEvent.CLOSE},(
'Connectedsocketcansend"%s"and"%s"events,not"%s"'
%(SendEvent.SEND,SendEvent.CLOSE,message["type"])
)
ifmessage["type"]==SendEvent.CLOSE:
self._app_state=State.DISCONNECTED

awaitself._send(message)

asyncdefreceive(self):
ifself._client_state==State.DISCONNECTED:
raiseRuntimeError("WebSocketisdisconnected.")

message=awaitself._receive()

ifself._client_state==State.CONNECTING:
assertmessage["type"]==ReceiveEvent.CONNECT,(
'WebSocketisinconnectingstatebutreceived"%s"event'
%message["type"]
)
self._client_state=State.CONNECTED

elifself._client_state==State.CONNECTED:
assertmessage["type"]in{ReceiveEvent.RECEIVE,ReceiveEvent.DISCONNECT},(
'WebSocketisconnectedbutreceivedinvalidevent"%s".'
%message["type"]
)
ifmessage["type"]==ReceiveEvent.DISCONNECT:
self._client_state=State.DISCONNECTED

returnmessage

缝合怪

做为合格的代码搬运工，为了提高搬运效率还是要造点轮子填点坑的，如何将上面的 WebSocket 类与 paramiko 结合起来，实现从前端接受字符传递给远程主机，并同时接受返回呢？

importasyncio
importtraceback
importparamiko
fromwebshell.sshimportBase,RemoteSSH
fromwebshell.connectionimportWebSocket


classWebShell:
"""整理WebSocket和paramiko.Channel,实现两者的数据互通"""

def__init__(self,ws_session:WebSocket,
ssh_session:paramiko.SSHClient=None,
chanel_session:paramiko.Channel=None
):
self.ws_session=ws_session
self.ssh_session=ssh_session
self.chanel_session=chanel_session

definit_ssh(self,host=None,port=22,user="admin",passwd="admin@123"):
self.ssh_session,self.chanel_session=RemoteSSH(host,port,user,passwd).session()

defset_ssh(self,ssh_session,chanel_session):
self.ssh_session=ssh_session
self.chanel_session=chanel_session

asyncdefready(self):
awaitself.ws_session.accept()

asyncdefwelcome(self):
#展示Linux欢迎相关内容
foriinrange(2):
ifself.chanel_session.send_ready():
message=self.chanel_session.recv(2048).decode('utf-8')
ifnotmessage:
return
awaitself.ws_session.send_text(message)

asyncdefweb_to_ssh(self):
#print('--------web_to_ssh------->')
whileTrue:
#print('--------------->')
ifnotself.chanel_session.activeornotself.ws_session.status:
return
awaitasyncio.sleep(0.01)
shell=awaitself.ws_session.receive_text()
#print('-------shell-------->',shell)
ifself.chanel_session.activeandself.chanel_session.send_ready():
self.chanel_session.send(bytes(shell,'utf-8'))
#print('--------------->',"end")

asyncdefssh_to_web(self):
#print('<--------ssh_to_web-----------')
whileTrue:
#print('<-------------------')
ifnotself.chanel_session.active:
awaitself.ws_session.send_text('sshclosed')
return
ifnotself.ws_session.status:
return
awaitasyncio.sleep(0.01)
ifself.chanel_session.recv_ready():
message=self.chanel_session.recv(2048).decode('utf-8')
#print('<---------message----------', message)
ifnotlen(message):
continue
awaitself.ws_session.send_text(message)
#print('<-------------------', "end")

asyncdefrun(self):
ifnotself.ssh_session:
raiseException("sshnotinit!")
awaitself.ready()
awaitasyncio.gather(
self.web_to_ssh(),
self.ssh_to_web()
)

defclear(self):
try:
self.ws_session.close()
exceptException:
traceback.print_stack()
try:
self.ssh_session.close()
exceptException:
traceback.print_stack()

前端

xterm.js 完全满足，搜索下找个看着简单的就行。

exportclassTermextendsReact.Component{
privateterminal!:HTMLDivElement;
privatefitAddon=newFitAddon();

componentDidMount(){
constxterm=newTerminal();
xterm.loadAddon(this.fitAddon);
xterm.loadAddon(newWebLinksAddon());

//usingwssforhttps
//constsocket=newWebSocket("ws://"+window.location.host+"/api/v1/ws");
constsocket=newWebSocket("ws://localhost:8000/webshell/");
//socket.onclose=(event)=>{
//this.props.onClose();
//}
socket.onopen=(event)=>{
xterm.loadAddon(newAttachAddon(socket));
this.fitAddon.fit();
xterm.focus();
}

xterm.open(this.terminal);
xterm.onResize(({cols,rows})=>{
socket.send(""+cols+","+rows)
});

window.addEventListener('resize',this.onResize);
}

componentWillUnmount(){
window.removeEventListener('resize',this.onResize);
}

onResize=()=>{
this.fitAddon.fit();
}

render(){
return<divclassName="Terminal"ref={(ref)=>this.terminal=refasHTMLDivElement}>div>;
}
}