Linux帧缓冲注册OLED驱动(下)
1.帧缓冲驱动编程
帧缓冲驱动是属于字符类设备的一种,主设备号为29,生成的设备节点为/dev/fb*。实现帧缓冲驱动注册,只需要调用驱动注册函数register_framebuffer,驱动注册注销函数unregister_framebuffer。
- 注册和注销驱动函数
#include
int unregister_framebuffer(struct fb_info *fb_info);
int register_framebuffer(struct fb_info *fb_info);
- struct fb_info结构体
struct fb_info结构体中需要关心的参数有:
1. 屏幕固定参数结构体struct fb_fix_screeninfo fix、屏幕可变参数结构体struct fb_var_screeninfo var 位应用层提供屏幕信息。
2.帧缓冲文件操作集合struct fb_ops *fbops,需要为应用层接口函数提供入口。
3.屏幕的内核申请的虚拟地址char __iomem *screen_base,应用层mmap函数映射地址就是和该地址的连接桥梁。
struct fb_info {
atomic_t count;
int node;
int flags;
struct mutex lock; /* Lock for open/release/ioctl funcs */
struct mutex mm_lock; /* Lock for fb_mmap and smem_* fields */
struct fb_var_screeninfo var; /* 可变参数 */
struct fb_fix_screeninfo fix; /* 固定参数 */
struct fb_monspecs monspecs; /* Current Monitor specs */
struct work_struct queue; /* Framebuffer event queue */
struct fb_pixmap pixmap; /* Image hardware mapper */
struct fb_pixmap sprite; /* Cursor hardware mapper */
struct fb_cmap cmap; /* Current cmap */
struct list_head modelist; /* mode list */
struct fb_videomode *mode; /* current mode */
#ifdef CONFIG_FB_BACKLIGHT
/* assigned backlight device */
/* set before framebuffer registration,
remove after unregister */
struct backlight_device *bl_dev;
/* Backlight level curve */
struct mutex bl_curve_mutex;
u8 bl_curve[FB_BACKLIGHT_LEVELS];
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_FB_DEFERRED_IO
struct delayed_work deferred_work;
struct fb_deferred_io *fbdefio;
#endif
struct fb_ops *fbops;/*帧缓冲文件操作集合*/
struct device *device; /* This is the parent */
struct device *dev; /* This is this fb device */
int class_flag; /* private sysfs flags */
#ifdef CONFIG_FB_TILEBLITTING
struct fb_tile_ops *tileops; /* Tile Blitting */
#endif
char __iomem *screen_base; /* Virtual address虚拟地址 */
unsigned long screen_size; /* Amount of ioremapped VRAM or 0 */
void *pseudo_palette; /* Fake palette of 16 colors */
#define FBINFO_STATE_RUNNING 0
#define FBINFO_STATE_SUSPENDED 1
u32 state; /* Hardware state i.e suspend */
void *fbcon_par; /* fbcon use-only private area */
/* From here on everything is device dependent */
void *par;
/* we need the PCI or similar aperture base/size not
smem_start/size as smem_start may just be an object
allocated inside the aperture so may not actually overlap */
struct apertures_struct {
unsigned int count;
struct aperture {
resource_size_t base;
resource_size_t size;
} ranges[0];
} *apertures;
- 内核层申请物理地址dma_alloc_writecombine
因为应用层是通过mmap内存映射方式将屏幕缓冲区映射到进程空间,因此驱动层需要调用dma_alloc_writecombine函数来实现分配屏幕的的物理缓冲区。
#include
void *dma_alloc_writecombine(struct device *dev, size_t size,dma_addr_t *handle, gfp_t gfp)
函数功能: 内核层动态分配物理内存空间。
形参: dev --没有可直接填NULL
size --要申请的空间大小
dma_handle --申请的物理地址
flag —GFP_KERNEL申请不到就阻塞
返回值: 成功返回申请成功的物理地址对应的虚拟地址
- 内核层释放申请的物理空间dma_free_writecombine
调用dma_free_writecombine函数来完成物理空间释放。
void dma_free_writecombine(struct device *dev, size_t size,void *cpu_addr, dma_addr_t handle)
形参:dev --没有可直接填NULL
size --要申请的空间大小
cpu_addr —dma_alloc_writecombine函数返回值
handle --物理地址
3.1 OLED简介
OLED,即有机发光二极管( Organic Light Emitting Diode)。 OLED 由于同时具备自发光,不需背光源、对比度高、厚度薄、视角广、反应速度快、可用于挠曲性面板、使用温度范围广、 构造及制程较简单等优异之特性,被认为是下一代的平面显示器新兴应用技术。
本次选用OLED屏幕为0.96寸,驱动IC为SSD1306,驱动协议为SPI。分辨率为128*64;单色屏幕。采用页面寻址方式。
- 引脚说明
GND 电源地
VCC 电源正( 3~5.5V)
D0 OLED 的 D0 脚,在 SPI 和 IIC 通信中为时钟管脚
D1 OLED 的 D1 脚,在 SPI 和 IIC 通信中为数据管脚
RES OLED 的 RES#脚,用来复位(低电平复位)
DC OLED 的 D/C#E 脚, 数据和命令控制管脚
CS OLED 的 CS#脚,也就是片选管脚
3.2 帧缓冲注册示例
硬件平台: tiny4412
开发平台: ubuntu18.04
交叉编译器: arm-linux-gcc
内核: linux3.5
OLED驱动IC: SSD1306
OLED驱动方式: SPI(采用SPI子系统实现)
注册SPI子系统实现OLED屏幕驱动,OLED屏幕画点函数实现;通过帧缓冲驱动注册OLED驱动,在/dev下生成设备节点,实现应用层帧缓冲接口。
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
/***************OLED gpio初始化************
**D0 --时钟线SPI0_SCLK --GPB_0
**D1 --主机输出线SPI0_MOSI --GPB_3
**RES --复位脚 GPB_4
**DC --数据命令选择脚 GPB_5
**CS --片选 SPI0_CS --GPB_1
**
******************************************/
#define OLED_DAT 1//发送数据
#define OLED_CMD 0//发送命令
struct spi_device *oled_spi;
static unsigned int *GPB_CON=NULL;
static unsigned int *GPB_DAT=NULL;
#define OLED_RES(x) if(x){*GPB_DAT|=1<<4;}else{*GPB_DAT&=~(1<<4);} //时钟脚 //复位脚
#define OLED_DC(x) if(x){*GPB_DAT|=1<<5;}else{*GPB_DAT&=~(1<<5);} //时钟脚 //数据命令选择脚
void OLED_Clear(u8 data);
void OLED_ClearGram(void);
void OLED_RefreshGram(void);
void OLED_GPIO_Init(void)
{
GPB_CON=ioremap(0x11400040, 8);//将物理地址映射为虚拟地址
GPB_DAT=GPB_CON+1;
*GPB_CON&=0xff00ffff;
*GPB_CON|=0x00110000;//配置为输出模式
//上拉
OLED_RES(1);
}
/*******************发送一个字节函数***************
**形参:u8 dat -- 要发送数据
** u8 cmd --0发送数据,1发送命令
**
****************************************************/
void OLED_SendByte(u8 dat,u8 cmd)
{
if(cmd)
{
OLED_DC(1);//发送数据
}
else
{
OLED_DC(0);//发送命令
}
spi_write(oled_spi,&dat,1);//发送一个字节
}
/****************OLED初始化***************/
void OLED_Init(void)
{
OLED_GPIO_Init();//OLED GPIO初始化
//软件复位
OLED_RES(1);
mdelay(200);
OLED_RES(0);
mdelay(200);
OLED_RES(1);
mdelay(200);
//OLED初始化序列
OLED_SendByte(0xAE,OLED_CMD); /*进入睡眠模式*/
OLED_SendByte(0x00,OLED_CMD); /*set lower column address*/
OLED_SendByte(0x10,OLED_CMD); /*set higher column address*/
OLED_SendByte(0x40,OLED_CMD); /*set display start line*/
OLED_SendByte(0xB0,OLED_CMD); /*set page address*/
OLED_SendByte(0x81,OLED_CMD); /*设置对比度*/
OLED_SendByte(0xCF,OLED_CMD); /*128*/
OLED_SendByte(0xA1,OLED_CMD); /*set segment remap*/
OLED_SendByte(0xA6,OLED_CMD); /*normal / reverse*/
OLED_SendByte(0xA8,OLED_CMD); /*multiplex ratio*/
OLED_SendByte(0x3F,OLED_CMD); /*duty = 1/64*/
OLED_SendByte(0xC8,OLED_CMD); /*Com scan direction*/
OLED_SendByte(0xD3,OLED_CMD); /*set display offset*/
OLED_SendByte(0x00,OLED_CMD);
OLED_SendByte(0xD5,OLED_CMD); /*set osc division*/
OLED_SendByte(0x80,OLED_CMD);
OLED_SendByte(0xD9,OLED_CMD); /*set pre-charge period*/
OLED_SendByte(0Xf1,OLED_CMD);
OLED_SendByte(0xDA,OLED_CMD); /*set COM pins*/
OLED_SendByte(0x12,OLED_CMD);
OLED_SendByte(0xdb,OLED_CMD); /*set vcomh*/
OLED_SendByte(0x30,OLED_CMD);
OLED_SendByte(0x8d,OLED_CMD); /*set charge pump enable*/
OLED_SendByte(0x14,OLED_CMD);
OLED_SendByte(0xAF,OLED_CMD); /*恢复正常模式*/
OLED_ClearGram();//清空缓冲区
OLED_RefreshGram();//更新显示
}
/****************清屏函数***********
**形参:u8 data -- 0全灭
** -- 0xff全亮
*************************************/
void OLED_Clear(u8 data)
{
u8 i,j;
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
OLED_SendByte(0xb0+i,OLED_CMD);//设置页地址
OLED_SendByte(0x10,OLED_CMD);//设置列高地址
OLED_SendByte(0x0,OLED_CMD);//设置列低地址
for(j=0;j<128;j++)OLED_SendByte(data,OLED_DAT);//写满一列
}
}
/******************OLED设置光标*************
**形参:u8 x -- x坐标(0~127)
** u8 y -- y坐标(0~7)
**
********************************************/
void OLED_SetCursor(u8 x,u8 y)
{
OLED_SendByte(0xb0+y,OLED_CMD);//设置页地址
OLED_SendByte(0x10|((x>>4)&0xf),OLED_CMD);//设置列的高位地址
OLED_SendByte(0x00|(x&0xf),OLED_CMD);
}
static u8 OLED_GRAM[8][128];//定义屏幕缓冲区大小
/****************封装画点函数**************
**形参:u8 x -- x坐标0~127
** u8 y -- y坐标:0~63
** u8 c -- 1,亮 ,0灭
**假设:x,y (5,6),9
*******************************************/
void OLED_DrawPoint(u8 x,u8 y,u8 c)
{
u8 page=0;
page=y/8;//y坐标对应在哪一页
//y=12,y/8=1,y%8=12%8=1....4
y=y%8;//对应页上的哪一行6%8=0---6
if(c)OLED_GRAM[page][x]|=1var.yres;
char *p=info->screen_base;
//printk("w=%d,h=%dn",w,h);
switch(cmd)
{
case OLED_REFLASH://更新数据到屏幕
for(i=0;imax_speed_hz,spi->mode,spi->bits_per_word);
spi->max_speed_hz=20*1000*1000;//工作频率为20Mhz
spi->bits_per_word=8;//数据8位
spi_setup(spi);//设置SPI参数
oled_spi=spi;
OLED_Init();
/*dma申请物理空间*/
fb_info.screen_base=dma_alloc_writecombine(NULL,fb_info.fix.smem_len,(dma_addr_t *)&fb_info.fix.smem_start,GFP_KERNEL);
/*注册帧缓冲驱动*/
register_framebuffer(&fb_info);
return 0;
}
static int oled_remove(struct spi_device *spi)
{
printk(" 资源释放成功n");="" *注销帧缓冲设备*="" unregister_framebuffer(&fb_info);="" *释放空间*="" dma_free_writecombine(null,fb_info.fix.smem_len,fb_info.screen_base,fb_info.fix.smem_start);="" iounmap(gpb_con);="" 取消映射="" return="" 0;="" }="" static="" struct="" spi_driver="" sdrv="{" .probe="oled_probe," .remove="oled_remove," .driver="{" .name="spidev" ,="" },="" };="" int="" __init="" wbyq_oled_init(void)="" spi_register_driver(&sdrv);="" 驱动注册="" *驱动释放*="" void="" __exit="" wbyq_oled_cleanup(void)="" spi_unregister_driver(&sdrv);="" 驱动注销="" printk("驱动出口,驱动注销成功n");="" module_init(wbyq_oled_init);="" 驱动入口函数="" module_exit(wbyq_oled_cleanup);="" 驱动出口函数="" module_license("gpl");="" 驱动注册协议="" module_author("it_ashui");="" module_description("exynos4="" oled="" driver");="" ;j++)="">;>;>
3.3 帧缓冲应用层
通过LCD应用编程实现OLED应用程序编写,调用矢量字库实现字符串显示,移植第三方数码管显示示例实现动态数码管式时间显示。
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include "./freetype/freetype.h"
#include "SuperNumber/SuperNumber.h"
#define OLED_REFLASH 0X80
typedef unsigned char u8;
typedef unsigned short u16;
void sDynamicClockInitial(void);
void sDynamicClockProcess(void);
int imag_w,imag_h;
static unsigned char *lcd_p=NULL;//屏幕缓存地址
static struct fb_fix_screeninfo fb_fix;//固定参数结构体
static struct fb_var_screeninfo fb_var;//可变参数结构体
/*LCD画点函数*/
void LCD_DrawPoint(int x,int y,int c)
{
if(fb_var.bits_per_pixel==8)
{
//获取要绘制的点的地址
unsigned char *p= (unsigned char *)(lcd_p+y*fb_fix.line_length+x*fb_var.bits_per_pixel/8);
*p=c;//写入颜色值
}
else
{
//获取要绘制的点的地址
unsigned int *p= (unsigned char *)(lcd_p+y*fb_fix.line_length+x*fb_var.bits_per_pixel/8);
*p=c;//写入颜色值
}
}
int fd;
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
if(argc!=2)
{
printf("格式:./a.out n");
return 0;
}
/*1.打开设备*/
fd=open(argv[1], 2);
if(fd<0)
{
printf("打开设备失败n");
}
/*2.获取固定参数*/
memset(&fb_fix,0, sizeof(fb_fix));
ioctl(fd,FBIOGET_FSCREENINFO,&fb_fix);
printf("屏幕缓存大小:%dn",fb_fix.smem_len);
printf("一行的字节数:%dn",fb_fix.line_length);
/*3.获取屏幕可变参数*/
memset(&fb_var,0, sizeof(fb_var));
ioctl(fd,FBIOGET_VSCREENINFO,&fb_var);
printf("屏幕尺寸:%d*%dn",fb_var.xres,fb_var.yres);
printf("颜色位数:%dn",fb_var.bits_per_pixel);
imag_w=fb_var.xres;
imag_h=fb_var.yres;
/*4.将屏幕缓冲区映射到进程空间*/
lcd_p=mmap(NULL,fb_fix.smem_len,PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,MAP_SHARED,fd,0);
if(lcd_p==(void *)-1)
{
printf("内存映射失败n");
return 0;
}
memset(lcd_p,0x00,fb_fix.smem_len);//将屏幕清空为白色
if(InitConfig_FreeType("msyhbd.ttc"))//初始化freetype
{
printf("字库打开失败n");
return 0;
}
sDynamicClockInitial();
sDynamicClockProcess();
FreeType_Config();//释放freetype
AA:
//取消映射
munmap(lcd_p,fb_fix.smem_len);
return 0;
}
//一个电子钟包括8个部分
sSuperNum stSuperNum1;
sSuperNum stSuperNum2;
sSuperNum stSuperNum3;
sSuperNum stSuperNum4;
sSuperNum stSuperNum5;
sSuperNum stSuperNum6;
sSuperNum stSuperNum7;
sSuperNum stSuperNum8;
//特效状态转移查询库
uint8_t SegAction[MAX_SEG_STATUE][MAX_SEG_STATUE][SEG_NUM];
/*************************************************************************
** Function Name: sDynamicClockInitial
** Purpose: 初始化时钟的各个数码段部分
** Params:
** @
** Return:
** Notice: None.
** Author: 公众号:最后一个bug
*************************************************************************/
void sDynamicClockInitial(void)
{
#define NUM_OFFSET (19)
uint16_t x_Location = 5;
uint16_t y_Location = 20;
stSuperNum1.pDrawPoint = LCD_DrawPoint;
InitialSuperNum(&stSuperNum1,x_Location,y_Location,10,10,2);
InitialSegShowAction(&stSuperNum1,(uint8_t*)SegAction);
x_Location += NUM_OFFSET;
stSuperNum2.pDrawPoint = LCD_DrawPoint;
InitialSuperNum(&stSuperNum2,x_Location,y_Location,10,10,2);
InitialSegShowAction(&stSuperNum2,(uint8_t*)SegAction);
x_Location += NUM_OFFSET;
stSuperNum3.pDrawPoint = LCD_DrawPoint;
InitialSuperNum(&stSuperNum3,x_Location,y_Location,2,10,2);
InitialSegShowAction(&stSuperNum3,(uint8_t*)SegAction);
x_Location += NUM_OFFSET/2 + 2;
stSuperNum4.pDrawPoint = LCD_DrawPoint;
InitialSuperNum(&stSuperNum4,x_Location,y_Location,10,10,2);
InitialSegShowAction(&stSuperNum4,(uint8_t*)SegAction);
x_Location += NUM_OFFSET;
stSuperNum5.pDrawPoint = LCD_DrawPoint;
InitialSuperNum(&stSuperNum5,x_Location,y_Location,10,10,2);
InitialSegShowAction(&stSuperNum6,(uint8_t*)SegAction);
x_Location += NUM_OFFSET;
stSuperNum6.pDrawPoint = LCD_DrawPoint;
InitialSuperNum(&stSuperNum6,x_Location,y_Location,2,10,2);
InitialSegShowAction(&stSuperNum6,(uint8_t*)SegAction);
x_Location += NUM_OFFSET/2+2;
stSuperNum7.pDrawPoint = LCD_DrawPoint;
InitialSuperNum(&stSuperNum7,x_Location,y_Location+10,5,5,2);
InitialSegShowAction(&stSuperNum7,(uint8_t*)SegAction);
x_Location += NUM_OFFSET/2+4;
stSuperNum8.pDrawPoint = LCD_DrawPoint;
InitialSuperNum(&stSuperNum8,x_Location,y_Location+10,5,5,2);
InitialSegShowAction(&stSuperNum8,(uint8_t*)SegAction);
}
/*************************************************************************
** Function Name: sDynamicClockProcess
** Purpose: 动态时钟处理
** Params:
** @
** Return:
** Notice: None.
** Author: 公众号:最后一个bug
*************************************************************************/
void sDynamicClockProcess(void)
{
static timerCnt = 0;
static uint16_t DPoint = 11;
static uint16_t CurrHour = 23; //当前小时
static uint16_t CurrMin = 59; //当前分钟
static uint16_t CurrSec = 50; //当前s
static uint16_t CurrSecOld = 0xFFFF;//保存的s
static uint16_t SecondPoint = 0;
time_t timep,timep2;//保存当前系统秒单位时间
struct tm result;//保存时间结构体
while(1)
{
timep=time(NULL);
if(timep!=timep2)
{
timep2=timep;
localtime_r(&timep,&result);//将秒单位时间转换为时间结构体
CurrHour=result.tm_hour;
CurrMin=result.tm_min;
CurrSec=result.tm_sec;
}
//下面是更新显示处理
if(CurrSecOld != CurrSec)
{
if(CurrSecOld == 0xFFFF) //表示开机第1s不处理
{
CurrSecOld = 0xFFFE;
}
else
{
CurrSecOld = CurrSec;//更新
DPoint = ((DPoint == 11)?(DPoint = 10):(DPoint = 11)); //点闪烁
}
}
if(CurrSecOld < 60)
{
SuperNumActionPlay(&stSuperNum1,(uint8_t*)SegAction,CurrHour/10);
SuperNumActionPlay(&stSuperNum2,(uint8_t*)SegAction,CurrHour%10);
SuperNumActionPlay(&stSuperNum3,(uint8_t*)SegAction,DPoint);
SuperNumActionPlay(&stSuperNum4,(uint8_t*)SegAction,CurrMin/10);
SuperNumActionPlay(&stSuperNum5,(uint8_t*)SegAction,CurrMin%10);
SuperNumActionPlay(&stSuperNum6,(uint8_t*)SegAction,DPoint);
SuperNumActionPlay(&stSuperNum7,(uint8_t*)SegAction,CurrSecOld/10);
SuperNumActionPlay(&stSuperNum8,(uint8_t*)SegAction,CurrSecOld%10);
ioctl(fd,OLED_REFLASH);
}
}
}
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