linux下串口的应用开发

1 背景
BB-BLACK是16年买的一块开发板，时隔5年，板子上面却看不到一丝岁月的痕迹，这两天研究一下linux下串口的应用开发。

2 所使用的镜像文件以及rootfs

名称	描述
U-引导	bb-black-debian-u-boot.tar.bz2
内核	bb-black-debian-kernel-3.8.tar.bz2
根FS	prebuild-BBB-Exp-V2-eMMC-flasher-20140626.tar.gz/build/systems/Debian/rootfs.tar.gz

3 硬件连接
选择串口4

4 cape的使用
BB-BLACK的一些引脚功能，外设接口设备都可以通过cape来管理，我们要使用串口4设备，那就需要向这个cape中插入串口4设备
4.1 添加环境变量

export SLOTS=/sys/devices/bone_capemgr.9/slots

4.2 查看当前设备

cat $SLOTS 
 0: 54:PF--- 
 1: 55:PF--- 
 2: 56:PF--- 
 3: 57:PF--- 
 4: ff:P-O-L Bone-LT-eMMC-2G,00A0,Texas Instrument,BB-BONE-EMMC-2G
 5: ff:P-O-L Bone-Black-HDMI,00A0,Texas Instrument,BB-BONELT-HDMI

4.3 向cape中添加串口4设备

echo BB-UART4 > $SLOTS

4.4 检查是否添加成功

ls ttyO*
ttyO0  ttyO4

4.5 设置波特率

stty -F /dev/ttyO4 115200

4.6 简单测试收发

echo "test" > /dev/ttyO4
cat /dev/ttyO4

5 安装辅助工具
基本的收发测试正常后就可以进行应用开发了，我们需要安装一些工具来提高效率
5.1 挂载nfs文件系统
5.1.1 ubuntu下安装nfs

sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-server
sudo apt-get install nfs-common

5.1.2 设置路径

/home/samba *(rw,sync,no_root_squash)

5.1.3 测试挂载

mount -t nfs 192.168.0.193:/home/samba /mnt -o nolock

如果报错提示报错可能是路径不对、目录权限问题

mount.nfs: access denied by server while mounting
192.168.0.193:/home/samba

5.2 安装samba实现windows和ubuntu之间的文件共享
5.2.1 安装samba

sudo apt install samba samba-common -y

5.2.2 配置samba

sudo mkdir /home/samba
sudo vim /etc/samba/smb.conf
[samba]
    comment=samba
    path = /home/samba
    public = yes
    writable = yes
    create mask = 0777
    directory mask = 0777

5.2.3 开机启动samba

systemctl enable smbd

5.2.4 启动samba

samba systemctl start smbd

5.3 安装出错时可能需要重新配置一下dpkg

sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt update

6 应用测试
6.1 相关代码
6.1.1 串口的配置、打开、关闭、读写接口

int uart_open(int fd,char*port)
{    
    fd = open( port, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY);    
    if (fd<0)    
    {    
        perror("Can't Open Serial Port");    
        return(RES_UART_FALSE);    
    }    
    //恢复串口为阻塞状态                                   
    if(fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, 0) < 0)    
    {    
        printf("fcntl failed!\\n");    
        return(RES_UART_FALSE);    
    }         
    else    
    {    
        printf("fcntl=%d\\n",fcntl(fd, F_SETFL,0));    
    }    
    return fd;    
}    



void uart_close(int fd)    
{    
    close(fd);    
}    


int uart_config(int fd,int speed,int flow_ctrl,int databits,int stopbits,int parity)    
{    

    int   i;    
    int   status;    
    int   speed_arr[] = { B115200, B19200, B9600, B4800, B2400, B1200, B300};    
    int   name_arr[] = {115200,  19200,  9600,  4800,  2400,  1200,  300};    

    struct termios options;    

    int res = tcgetattr( fd,&options);
    if( res  !=  0)    
    {    
        perror("SetupSerial 1");  
        return(RES_UART_FALSE);     
    }    

    //设置串口输入波特率和输出波特率    
    for ( i= 0;  i < sizeof(speed_arr) / sizeof(int);  i++)    
    {    
        if  (speed == name_arr[i])    
        {                 
            cfsetispeed(&options, speed_arr[i]);     
            cfsetospeed(&options, speed_arr[i]);      
        }    
    }         

    //修改控制模式，保证程序不会占用串口    
    options.c_cflag |= CLOCAL;    
    //修改控制模式，使得能够从串口中读取输入数据    
    options.c_cflag |= CREAD;    

    //设置数据流控制    
    switch(flow_ctrl)    
    {    

        case 0 ://不使用流控制    
              options.c_cflag &= ~CRTSCTS;    
              break;       

        case 1 ://使用硬件流控制    
              options.c_cflag |= CRTSCTS;    
              break;    
        case 2 ://使用软件流控制    
              options.c_cflag |= IXON | IXOFF | IXANY;    
              break;    
    }    
    //设置数据位    
    //屏蔽其他标志位    
    options.c_cflag &= ~CSIZE;    
    switch (databits)    
    {      
        case 5    :    
                     options.c_cflag |= CS5;    
                     break;    
        case 6    :    
                     options.c_cflag |= CS6;    
                     break;    
        case 7    :        
                 options.c_cflag |= CS7;    
                 break;    
        case 8:        
                 options.c_cflag |= CS8;    
                 break;      
        default:       
                 fprintf(stderr,"Unsupported data size\\n");    
                 return (RES_UART_FALSE);     
    }    
    //设置校验位    
    switch (parity)    
    {      
        case 'n':    
        case 'N': //无奇偶校验位。
                 options.c_cflag &= ~PARENB;     
                 options.c_iflag &= ~INPCK;        
                 break;     
        case 'o':      
        case 'O'://设置为奇校验        
                 options.c_cflag |= (PARODD | PARENB);     
                 options.c_iflag |= INPCK;                 
                 break;     
        case 'e':     
        case 'E'://设置为偶校验      
                 options.c_cflag |= PARENB;           
                 options.c_cflag &= ~PARODD;           
                 options.c_iflag |= INPCK;          
                 break;    
        case 's':    
        case 'S': //设置为空格     
                 options.c_cflag &= ~PARENB;    
                 options.c_cflag &= ~CSTOPB;    
                 break;     
        default:      
                 fprintf(stderr,"Unsupported parity\\n");        
                 return (RES_UART_FALSE);     
    }     
    // 设置停止位     
    switch (stopbits)    
    {      
        case 1:       
                 options.c_cflag &= ~CSTOPB; break;     
        case 2:       
                 options.c_cflag |= CSTOPB; break;    
        default:       
                       fprintf(stderr,"Unsupported stop bits\\n");     
                       return (RES_UART_FALSE);    
    }    

    //修改输出模式，原始数据输出    
    options.c_oflag &= ~OPOST;    

    options.c_lflag &= ~(ICANON | ECHO | ECHOE | ISIG);    
    //options.c_lflag &= ~(ISIG | ICANON);    

    //设置等待时间和最小接收字符    
    options.c_cc[VTIME] = 1; /* 读取一个字符等待1*(1/10)s */      
    options.c_cc[VMIN] = 1; /* 读取字符的最少个数为1 */    

    //如果发生数据溢出，接收数据，但是不再读取 刷新收到的数据但是不读    
    tcflush(fd,TCIFLUSH);    

    //激活配置 (将修改后的termios数据设置到串口中）    
    if (tcsetattr(fd,TCSANOW,&options) != 0)      
    {    
        perror("com set error!\\n");      
        return (RES_UART_FALSE);     
    }    
    return (RES_UART_TRUE);     
}    











int uart_init(int fd, int speed,int flow_ctrl,int databits,int stopbits,int parity)    
{    
    int err;    
    //设置串口数据帧格式    
    if (uart_config(fd,speed,flow_ctrl,databits,stopbits,parity) == RES_UART_FALSE)    
    {                                                             
        return RES_UART_FALSE;    
    }    
    else    
    {    
        return  RES_UART_TRUE;    
    }    
}    

int uart_read(int fd, char *rcv_buf,int data_len)    
{    
    int len,fs_sel;    
    fd_set fs_read;    

    struct timeval time;    

    FD_ZERO(&fs_read);    
    FD_SET(fd,&fs_read);    

    time.tv_sec = 10;    
    time.tv_usec = 0;    

    //使用select实现串口的多路通信    
    fs_sel = select(fd+1,&fs_read,NULL,NULL,&time);    
    //printf("fs_sel = %d\\n",fs_sel);    
    if(fs_sel)    
    {    
        len = read(fd,rcv_buf,data_len);    
        return len;    
    }    
    else    
    {    
        return RES_UART_FALSE;    
    }         
}    


int uart_write(int fd, char *send_buf,int data_len)    
{    
    int len = 0;    

    len = write(fd,send_buf,data_len);    
    if (len == data_len )    
    {    
        printf("send data is %s\\n",send_buf);  
        return len;    
    }         
    else       
    {    

        tcflush(fd,TCOFLUSH);    
        return RES_UART_FALSE;    
    }    

}

6.1.2 测试代码

#include "stdint.h"


#include "app_usart.h"
#include "app_config.h"
#include "rtservice.h"


#include "ful_communication.h"


#include      /*标准输入输出定义*/    
#include     /*标准函数库定义*/    
#include     /*Unix 标准函数定义*/    
#include     
#include       
#include      /*文件控制定义*/    
#include    /*PPSIX 终端控制定义*/    
#include      /*错误号定义*/    
#include


#define SLOTS   "/sys/devices/bone_capemgr.9/slots"
#define CONFIG_SLOTS_UART_DEV "ADAFRUIT-UART4"
static int8_t s_read_firmware_version(uint32_t length, uint8_t *);
static int8_t s_config_baudrate(uint32_t length, uint8_t *);
extern void g_ful_com_detect_command(uint8_t checkData);
extern int8_t callback_register(action_t *obj);


int fd = -1;           //文件描述符，先定义一个与程序无关的值，防止fd为任意值导致程序出bug    


static action_t action_list[] =
{
    {CMD_READ_FW_VERSION,s_read_firmware_version},
    {CMD_CONFIG_BAUDRATE,s_config_baudrate},
};

static int8_t s_read_firmware_version(uint32_t length, uint8_t *pbuf)
{
    if(NULL == pbuf)
    {
        return -1;
    }


  printf("s_read_firmware_version length: [%d]\\n",length);
  printf("pbuf[0]=[%02x]\\n",pbuf[0]);


    if (3 == length)
    {
        uint8_t response_version[60]={0};


        sprintf(response_version,"%s_%s %s %s\\n",CONFIG_PRODUCT_NAME,CONFIG_FIRMWARE_VERSION,__DATE__,__TIME__);


        return uart_write(fd,response_version,strlen(response_version));
    }


    return 0;
}


static int8_t s_config_baudrate(uint32_t length, uint8_t *pbuf)
{
    if(NULL == pbuf)
    {
        return -1;
    }


    //if (3 == length)
    {
        uint32_t get_baudrate = (pbuf[1]<<24) | (pbuf[2]<<16) | (pbuf[3]<<8) | (pbuf[4]);


    printf("config baudrate to [%d]\\n",get_baudrate);

        int err = uart_init(fd,get_baudrate,0,8,1,'N');

    }


    return 0;
}




int main(int argc, char **argv)    
{
    int err;               //返回调用函数的状态    
    int len;                            
    int i;    
    char rcv_buf[256];           

    if(argc != 2)    
    {    
        printf("Usage: %s /dev/ttySn      #1(receive data)\\n",argv[0]);
        printf("open failure : %s\\n", strerror(errno));

        return RES_UART_FALSE;    
    }  


    uint8_t action_index = 0;


    for (action_index=0;action_index<LENGTH_OF_ARRAY(action_list);action_index++)
    {
        callback_register(&action_list[action_index]);
    }

  int fd_drv_uart,count=0;

  //mount the Drive of Uart
  if ((fd_drv_uart = open(SLOTS, O_WRONLY)) < 0) 
  { 
    perror("SLOTS: Failed to open the file. \\n"); 
    return -1; 
  }

  printf("fd_drv_uart=%d\\n",fd_drv_uart); 

  if ((count = write(fd_drv_uart, CONFIG_SLOTS_UART_DEV,strlen(CONFIG_SLOTS_UART_DEV)))<0) 
  {
    perror("SLOTS:Failed to write to the file\\nFailed to mount the UART"); 
    //return -1; 
  }
    close(fd_drv_uart);

    fd = uart_open(fd,argv[1]); //打开串口，返回文件描述符    

    do  
    {    
        printf("uart_init fd=%d\\n",fd); 

        err = uart_init(fd,115200,0,8,1,'N');

    if (err>=0)
        {
            break;
        }
        printf("err=%d\\n",err); 

    uart_close(fd);     

    fd = uart_open(fd,argv[1]);
    }while(RES_UART_FALSE == err || RES_UART_FALSE == fd); 

    while (1) 
    {   
        len = uart_read(fd, rcv_buf,sizeof(rcv_buf));  
        if(len > 0)    
        {    
            int idx = 0;

            printf("receive data len=%d\\n",len);  

            for (idx=0; idxuint8_t ch = rcv_buf[idx];
                printf("%02x ",ch);  
        g_ful_com_detect_command(ch);
            }

            printf("\\n");  
        }    

        usleep(10000);   
    }         

    uart_close(fd);     
    close(fd_drv_uart);
}

6.1.3 生成文件

CFILE = $(wildcard  *.c)
  CFILE += $(wildcard functions/*.c)
  CFILE += $(wildcard app/*.c)
  DIRSRC += -I functions/include
  DIRSRC += -I app/include
all:
  @gcc $(CFILE) $(DIRSRC) -o u_app
#gcc *.c  -o  usart


.PHONY:clean
clean:  
  @-rm u_app

6.1.4 目录结构

app
--include
--app_test.c
--app_uart.c
functions
--include
--fun_communication.c
Makefile
u_app

6.3 串口应用的开机自启动
开机自启动，运行在后台，u_app需要添加可执行权限

cp u_app /usr/my_app
vim /etc/rc.local
./usr/my_app/u_app /dev/ttyO4 &   
exit 0

6.4 测试
可正常解析指令，返回结果

7 总结
用虚拟机来跑ubuntu总是不太稳定，如果不能进入桌面系统也不能进入tty控制台基本上就要重装了，还是得找个稳定的ubuntu镜像才行呀。