当pod处于crash状态的时候,容器不断重启,此时用kubelet logs可能出现一直捕捉不到日志。解决方法:
kubectl previous参数作用:If true, print the logs for the previous instance of the container in a pod if it exists.
单容器pod:
kubectllogspod-name--previous
多容器pod:
kubectllogspod-name--previous-ccontainer-name
比如:
NAMEREADYSTATUSRESTARTSAGE nginx-7d8b49557c-c2lx92/2Running5 kubectllogsnginx-7d8b49557c-c2lx9--previous Error:xxxxxxxxxxx
kubelet会保持pod的前几个失败的容器,这个是查看的前提条件。kubelet实现previous的原理:将pod的日志存放在/var/log/pods/podname,并且是链接文件,链接到docker的容器的日志文件,同时kubelet还会保留上一个容器,同时有一个链接文件链接到pod上一个崩溃的容器的日志文件,使用previous就是查看的这个文件
比如查看一个pod:
ubuntu@~$kubeletgetpod NAMEREADYSTATUSRESTARTSAGE busybox1/1Running239499d nginx-deployment-6wlhd1/1Running079d redis1/1Running049d
到pod所在node查看kubelet放的两个日志文件:
ls/var/log/pods/default_busybox_f72ab71a-5b3b-4ecf-940d-28a5c3b30683/busybox 2393.log2394.log
数字的含义:2393证明是第 2393 次重启后的日志,2394代表是第2394次重启后的日志。
实际这两个日志文件是链接文件,指向了docker的日志文件:
/busybox#stat2393.log File:2393.log->/data/kubernetes/docker/containers/68a5b32c9fdb1ad011b32e6252f9cdb759f69d7850e6b7b8591cb4c2bf00bcca/68a5b32c9fdb1ad011b32e6252f9cdb759f69d7850e6b7b8591cb4c2bf00bcca-json.log Size:173Blocks:8IOBlock:4096symboliclink Device:fc02h/64514dInode:529958Links:1 Access:(0777/lrwxrwxrwx)Uid:(0/root)Gid:(0/root) Access:2023-01-311303.751514283+0800 Modify:2023-01-311303.039526838+0800 Change:2023-01-311303.039526838+0800 Birth:- /busybox#stat2394.log File:2394.log->/data/kubernetes/docker/containers/2ed9ebf0585215602874b076783e12191dbb010116038b8eb4646273ebfe195c/2ed9ebf0585215602874b076783e12191dbb010116038b8eb4646273ebfe195c-json.log Size:173Blocks:8IOBlock:4096symboliclink Device:fc02h/64514dInode:529955Links:1 Access:(0777/lrwxrwxrwx)Uid:(0/root)Gid:(0/root) Access:2023-01-311403.991106950+0800 Modify:2023-01-311403.183119308+0800 Change:2023-01-311403.183119308+0800 Birth:-
看到分别指向了这两个容器的日志文件,一个是当前pod里在跑的容器,一个是pod上次跑的容器,现在已经退出了
dockerps-a CONTAINERIDIMAGECOMMANDCREATEDSTATUSPORTSNAMES 2ed9ebf05852ff4a8eb070e1"sleep3600"24minutesagoUp24minutesk8s_busybox_busybox_default_f72ab71a-5b3b-4ecf-940d-28a5c3b30683_2394 68a5b32c9fdbff4a8eb070e1"sleep3600"AboutanhouragoExited(0)24minutesagok8s_busybox_busybox_default_f72ab71a-5b3b-4ecf-940d-28a5c3b30683_2393
使用logs的时候读的是当前容器那个文件,使用–previous的时候,读的是上次退出的容器的日志文件,由于kubelet为pod保留了上次退出的容器。
我们手动编辑这两个文件的内容,看kubelet是否读的是这两个文件
/busybox#cat2393.log {"log":"lastcrashlogs ","stream":"stderr","time":"2022-11-05T0827.31523845Z"} /busybox#cat2394.log {"log":"nowpodlog ","stream":"stderr","time":"2022-11-05T0827.31523845Z"} ubuntu@10-234-32-51:~$klogsbusybox--previous lastcrashlogs ubuntu@10-234-32-51:~$klogsbusybox nowpodlog
由于是链接文件,那么可能实际是从别的地方读的,或者说直接读容器目录下的,由于链接文件我们改了后容器目录下的日志文件也跟着改了,我们直接创建两个文件来做验证:
ubuntu@10-234-32-51:~$kgetpod NAMEREADYSTATUSRESTARTSAGE busybox1/1Running239599d nginx-deployment-6wlhd1/1Running079d redis1/1Running049d /busybox#ls 2394.log2395.log /busybox#rm2394.log2395.log 我们删除,然后自己创建,这时是regular file,而不是链接文件了: /busybox#ls 2394.log2395.log /busybox#stat2394.log File:2394.log Size:100Blocks:8IOBlock:4096regularfile Device:fc02h/64514dInode:529965Links:1 Access:(0640/-rw-r-----)Uid:(0/root)Gid:(0/root) Access:2023-01-311511.307170422+0800 Modify:2023-01-311507.711225229+0800 Change:2023-01-311507.711225229+0800 Birth:- /busybox#stat2395.log File:2395.log Size:86Blocks:8IOBlock:4096regularfile Device:fc02h/64514dInode:529967Links:1 Access:(0640/-rw-r-----)Uid:(0/root)Gid:(0/root) Access:2023-01-311517.539989934+0800 Modify:2023-01-311514.348038586+0800 Change:2023-01-311514.352038525+0800 Birth:- /busybox#cat2394.log {"log":"previouslogscreatebymyself ","stream":"stderr","time":"2022-11-05T0827.31523845Z"} /busybox#cat2395.log {"log":"createbymyself ","stream":"stderr","time":"2022-11-05T0827.31523845Z"} ubuntu@10-234-32-51:~$klogsbusybox createbymyself ubuntu@10-234-32-51:~$klogsbusybox--previous previouslogscreatebymyself
得出结论:kubelet读的是/var/log/pods/下的日志文件,–previous读的也是/var/log/pods/下的日志文件,且专门有个链接文件来指向上一个退出容器的日志文件,以此来获取容器崩溃前的日志。
审核编辑:刘清
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原文标题:如何快速查看 Kubernetes Pod 崩溃前的日志
文章出处:【微信号:magedu-Linux,微信公众号:马哥Linux运维】欢迎添加关注!文章转载请注明出处。
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