步进电机S曲线运动的代码实现

摘要：本节介绍实现步进电机S曲线运动的代码

一、目标功能

实现步进电机转动总角度720°，其中加减速各90°

加速段：加速类型：S曲线

加速角度：角度为90°

起步速度：30RPM，

终止速度：500RPM

匀速段：匀速角度：角度为540°

匀速速度：500RPM

减速段：减速类型：S曲线

减速角度：角度为90°

起步速度：500RPM

终止速度：60RPM

二、生成器计算

加速参数计算

匀速参数计算，主要计算电机步数

减速参数计算

三、程序代码

//加速、匀速、减速步数#define step0 100#define step1 600#define step2 100unsigned int n=0;//步数计数变量unsigned int flag=0;//标志位，0：加速段  1：匀速段   2：减速段//加速段90°，30RPM-500RPMconst unsigned char codeTimeH0[100]={0XEC,0XEC,0XEC,0XED,0XED,0XED,0XEE,0XEE,0XEE,0XEF,0XEF,0XF0,0XF0,0XF1,0XF1,0XF2,0XF2,0XF3,0XF3,0XF4,0XF4,0XF5,0XF5,0XF6,0XF6,0XF7,0XF7,0XF8,0XF8,0XF8,0XF9,0XF9,0XFA,0XFA,0XFA,0XFB,0XFB,0XFB,0XFB,0XFC,0XFC,0XFC,0XFC,0XFD,0XFD,0XFD,0XFD,0XFD,0XFD,0XFD,0XFD,0XFD,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE};const unsigned char codeTimeL0[100]={0X78,0XB4,0XF5,0X3B,0X86,0XD6,0X2A,0X84,0XE4,0X48,0XB1,0X1F,0X92,0X9,0X83,0X1,0X82,0X5,0X8A,0X10,0X96,0X1C,0XA0,0X24,0XA5,0X23,0X9E,0X15,0X88,0XF7,0X61,0XC5,0X25,0X80,0XD5,0X26,0X71,0XB7,0XF9,0X36,0X6E,0XA3,0XD3,0X0,0X29,0X4F,0X71,0X91,0XAE,0XC9,0XE1,0XF8,0XC,0X1F,0X2F,0X3F,0X4D,0X59,0X65,0X6F,0X79,0X82,0X8A,0X91,0X97,0X9D,0XA2,0XA7,0XAB,0XAF,0XB3,0XB6,0XB9,0XBC,0XBE,0XC1,0XC2,0XC4,0XC6,0XC7,0XC9,0XCA,0XCB,0XCC,0XCD,0XCE,0XCE,0XCF,0XD0,0XD0,0XD1,0XD1,0XD2,0XD2,0XD2,0XD3,0XD3,0XD3,0XD3,0XD4};//减速段90°，500RPM-60RPMconst unsigned char code TimeH2[100]={0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFE,0XFD,0XFD,0XFD,0XFD,0XFD,0XFD,0XFD,0XFD,0XFD,0XFD,0XFC,0XFC,0XFC,0XFC,0XFC,0XFB,0XFB,0XFB,0XFB,0XFB,0XFA,0XFA,0XFA,0XFA,0XFA,0XF9,0XF9,0XF9,0XF9,0XF8,0XF8,0XF8,0XF8,0XF8,0XF7,0XF7,0XF7,0XF7,0XF7,0XF7,0XF7,0XF6,0XF6,0XF6,0XF6,0XF6,0XF6,0XF6,0XF6,0XF6,0XF6,0XF6};const unsigned char codeTimeL2[100]={0XD4,0XD3,0XD3,0XD3,0XD3,0XD2,0XD2,0XD2,0XD1,0XD1,0XD0,0XD0,0XCF,0XCE,0XCE,0XCD,0XCC,0XCB,0XCA,0XC8,0XC7,0XC6,0XC4,0XC2,0XC0,0XBE,0XBB,0XB9,0XB6,0XB2,0XAF,0XAB,0XA6,0XA1,0X9C,0X96,0X90,0X88,0X81,0X78,0X6F,0X64,0X59,0X4D,0X3F,0X31,0X21,0XF,0XFD,0XE8,0XD2,0XBA,0XA0,0X84,0X66,0X46,0X24,0X0,0XD9,0XB0,0X85,0X58,0X28,0XF7,0XC4,0X8F,0X59,0X21,0XE8,0XAE,0X74,0X3A,0X0,0XC6,0X8D,0X54,0X1D,0XE7,0XB3,0X81,0X50,0X22,0XF6,0XCB,0XA4,0X7E,0X5A,0X39,0X1A,0XFD,0XE2,0XC9,0XB2,0X9D,0X89,0X77,0X66,0X57,0X48,0X3C}; void main(){  while(1) {  }}//定时器0中断程序void time0_int() interrupt 1{ //产生一个脉冲 PUL=1; _nop_();_nop_();nop_();nop_(); PUL=0;  n++;//步数加1  switch (flag)//判断运动状态 {    case0://加速段 { if(n==step0)//加速段完成 { n=0; flag=1; TH0=TimeH2[0];//装载定时寄存器匀速段初值 TL0=TimeL2[0]; } else { TH0=TimeH0[n];//装载定时寄存器加速段初值 TL0=TimeL0[n]; } }break;    case1://匀速段 { TH0=TimeH2[0];//装载定时寄存器匀速段初值 TL0=TimeL2[0]; if(n==step1)//匀速段完成 { n=0; flag=2; TH0=TimeH2[n];//装载定时寄存器减速段初值 TL0=TimeL2[n]; } }break; case 2://减速段 { if(n==step2)//减速段完成 { n=0; flag=0; TR0=0;   //电机停止 } else { TH0=TimeH2[n];//装载定时寄存器减速段初值 TL0=TimeL2[n]; } }break;    default:         break; }}

四.总结

通过上述计算，完成S曲线加减速运动。通过调整匀速运动的角度，加减速过程不变，可以实现总转动角度的变化，适用于总转角需要变化且需要较高速度的情况，并且满足总转角应大于加减速转角之和。

对于大多数情况，加减速的过程可以合并，即用S加速的逆过程去实现减速，可以实现代码的简化。