鸿蒙OS开发实例：【Web网页】

背景

HarmonyOS平台通过Web控件可支持网页加载展示，Web在中是作为专项参考的。

本篇文章将从Android和iOS平台研发角度出发来实践学习API功能

说明

1. 整个示例是以HarmonyOS开发文档网址作为加载目标
2. 页面布局增加了三个按钮“后退”，“前进”， “刷新”

效果

准备

1. 请参照

熟读HarmonyOS Web组件指导

2.创建一个Demo工程，选择Stage模型。

实践总结

1. UA可以设置，但无法通过API拿到自己设置的UA值
2. 文件可以下载，但用户没有控制权
3. 用户无法控制定位权限申请
4. Web控件当前需要将UA设置为Android或者iOS特征的UA，大部分主流网站没有适配鸿蒙Web
5. 鸿蒙UA特征不明显 Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux aarch64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.88 Mobile Safari/537.36

开始

页面容器设置为沉浸式

import UIAbility from '@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility';
import hilog from '@ohos.hilog';
import window from '@ohos.window';

export default class EntryAbility extends UIAbility {

  onWindowStageCreate(windowStage: window.WindowStage) {
    // 1.获取应用主窗口。
    let windowClass: window.Window = null;
    windowStage.getMainWindow((err, data) = > {
      if (err.code) {
        console.error('Failed to obtain the main window. Cause: ' + JSON.stringify(err));
        return;
      }
      windowClass = data;
      console.info('Succeeded in obtaining the main window. Data: ' + JSON.stringify(data));
      // 2.实现沉浸式效果：设置导航栏、状态栏显示。

      windowClass.setWindowSystemBarEnable(['status','navigation'], (err) = > {
        if (err.code) {
          console.error('Failed to set the system bar to be visible. Cause:' + JSON.stringify(err));
          return;
        }
        console.info('Succeeded in setting the system bar to be visible.');
      });

    })

    //获取当前应用内最后显示的窗口，使用callback异步回调
    window.getLastWindow(this.context).then((result: window.Window) = > {
      result.setWindowSystemBarEnable(['status', 'navigation'])
      result.setWindowLayoutFullScreen(true);
    })

    windowStage.loadContent('pages/Index', (err, data) = > {
      if (err.code) {
        hilog.error(0x0000, 'testTag', 'Failed to load the content. Cause: %{public}s', JSON.stringify(err) ?? '');
        return;
      }
      hilog.info(0x0000, 'testTag', 'Succeeded in loading the content. Data: %{public}s', JSON.stringify(data) ?? '');
    });
  }

}

创建WebView组件

文件路径

根目录/ets/entry/src/main/pages/WebView.ts

注册页面 main_pages.json

{
  "src": [
    "pages/Index"
    ,"pages/WebView"
  ]
}

功能实现

Cookie管理指导

网页调试

功能介绍

1. 支持多窗口
2. 多窗口返回关闭
3. 加载进度提示
4. 警告框，确认框，提示框
5. 权限申请
6. 输出调试日志
7. 非http或https协议拦截

import web_webview from '@ohos.web.webview';
import router from '@ohos.router';
import common from '@ohos.app.ability.common';
import Url from '@ohos.url'

web_webview.once("webInited", () = > {
  console.log("setCookie")
  web_webview.WebCookieManager.setCookie("https://developer.harmonyos.com/", "author=harvey")
})

//在同一page页有两个web组件。在WebComponent新开窗口时，会跳转到NewWebViewComp。
@CustomDialog
struct NewWebViewComp {
  private controller?: CustomDialogController
  private webviewController: web_webview.WebviewController = new web_webview.WebviewController()

  build() {
    Column() {
      Web({ src: "", controller: this.webviewController })
        .javaScriptAccess(true)
        .multiWindowAccess(false)
        .domStorageAccess(true)
        .onWindowExit(() = > {
          console.info("NewWebViewComp onWindowExit")
          if (this.controller) {
            this.controller.close()
          }
        })
    }
  }
}

@Entry
@Component
struct Index {
  //www.useragentinfo.com

  // @State webURL: string = 'https://m.bilibili.com/'    //'https://developer.harmonyos.com/'
  // @State webURL: string = 'https://www.baidu.com'
  @State webURL: string = 'https://developer.harmonyos.com/cn/docs/documentation/doc-guides-V3/start-overview-0000001478061421-V3?catalogVersion=V3'
  @State back: boolean = true
  @State forward: boolean = false
  @State showProgress: boolean = false
  @State currentProgress: number = 0
  @State buttonColorFocusColor: number = Color.Black
  @State buttonColorDisableColor: number = Color.Gray
  @State currentButtonColor: number = this.buttonColorFocusColor
  private webviewController: web_webview.WebviewController = new web_webview.WebviewController();
  private context = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext;
  dialogController: CustomDialogController | null = null

  aboutToAppear() {
    web_webview.WebviewController.setWebDebuggingAccess(true)

    let params = router.getParams()
    if (params) {
      this.webURL = params['targetUrl'];
    }
  }

  build() {
    Column() {
      Stack() {
        Web({ src: this.webURL, controller: this.webviewController })
          .width('100%')
          .height('100%')
          .userAgent('Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 8.0.0; SM-G955U Build/R16NW) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/116.0.0.0 Mobile Safari/537.36 HarveyHarmonyOS/1.0.0')
          .multiWindowAccess(true)
          .javaScriptAccess(true)
          .geolocationAccess(true)
          .imageAccess(true)
          .onlineImageAccess(true)
          .domStorageAccess(true)
          .fileAccess(true)
          .mediaPlayGestureAccess(true)
          .mixedMode(MixedMode.Compatible)
          .onTitleReceive((info) = > {
            console.log('标题栏: ' + info.title)
          })
          .onProgressChange((progress) = > {
            console.log('当前加载进度 ' + progress.newProgress)

            this.currentProgress = progress.newProgress

            if (progress.newProgress >= 0 && progress.newProgress < 100) {
              this.showProgress = true
            } else if (progress.newProgress == 100) {
              this.showProgress = false
            }

            if (this.webviewController.accessForward()) {
              this.forward = true
              this.currentButtonColor = this.buttonColorFocusColor
            } else {
              this.forward = false
              this.currentButtonColor = this.buttonColorDisableColor
            }

            console.log('userAgent: ' + this.webviewController.getUserAgent())
          })
          .onErrorReceive((error) = > {
            console.log(error.request.getRequestUrl())
            console.log(JSON.stringify(error.error))
          })
          .onHttpErrorReceive((error) = > {
            console.log(JSON.stringify(error.response))
          })
          .onSslErrorEventReceive((info) = > {

          })
          .onRenderExited(() = > {
             console.log('onRenderExited')
          })
          .onUrlLoadIntercept((info) = > {
            if(!info.data.toString().toLowerCase().startsWith("https://") || !info.data.toString().toLowerCase().startsWith("https://")){
              console.log('拦截信息: ' + JSON.stringify(info))
              return true;
            }
            console.log('信息: ' + JSON.stringify(info))
            //false : 不拦截   true: 拦截
            return false
          })
          .onDownloadStart( (event) = > {
            AlertDialog.show({
              title: event.url,
              message: event.url,
              primaryButton: {
                value: 'cancel',
                action: () = > {

                }
              }
            })
          })
          .onAlert((event) = > {
            AlertDialog.show({
              title: event.url,
              message: event.message,
              confirm: {
                value: 'onAlert',
                action: () = > {
                  event.result.handleConfirm()
                }
              },
              cancel: () = > {
                event.result.handleCancel()
              }
            })
            return true
          })
          .onConfirm((event) = > {
            AlertDialog.show({
              title: event.url,
              message: event.message,
              confirm: {
                value: 'onConfirm',
                action: () = > {
                  event.result.handleConfirm()
                }
              },
              cancel: () = > {
                event.result.handleCancel()
              }
            })
            return true;
          })
          .onPrompt((event) = > {
            AlertDialog.show({
              title: event.url,
              message: event.message,
              primaryButton: {
                value: 'cancel',
                action: () = > {
                  event.result.handleCancel()
                }
              },
              secondaryButton: {
                value: 'ok',
                action: () = > {
                  event.result.handleConfirm()
                }
              },
              cancel: () = > {
                event.result.handleCancel()
              }
            })
            return true;
          })
          .onConsole((msg) = > {
            console.error('网页日志：' + JSON.stringify(msg.message.getMessage()))
            return true
          })
          .onWindowNew((event) = > {
            console.log('新开window')

            if (!event.isAlert) {
              router.pushUrl({ url: 'custompages/WebView', params: {
                "targetUrl": event.targetUrl
              } })
                .then(() = > {
                  console.info('Succeeded in jumping to the second page.')
                }).catch((error) = > {
                console.log(error)
              })
            } else {
              if (this.dialogController) {
                this.dialogController.close()
              }
              let popController: web_webview.WebviewController = new web_webview.WebviewController()
              this.dialogController = new CustomDialogController({
                builder: NewWebViewComp({ webviewController: popController })
              })
              this.dialogController.open()
              //将新窗口对应WebviewController返回给Web内核。
              //如果不需要打开新窗口请调用event.handler.setWebController接口设置成null。
              //若不调用event.handler.setWebController接口，会造成render进程阻塞。
              event.handler.setWebController(popController)
            }

          })
          .onWindowExit(() = > {
            console.log('已推出window')
          })
          .onGeolocationHide(() = > {
             console.log('geo隐藏')
          })
          .onGeolocationShow((info) = > {
            info.geolocation.invoke(info.origin, false, false)
             console.log(info.origin + ' 有定位需求')
          })
          .onPageBegin((info) = > {
            console.error(info.url)
            let host = Url.URL.parseURL(info.url).host
            try {
              let cookie = web_webview.WebCookieManager.getCookie(host)
              console.log('Bcookie: ' + cookie)
            } catch (e) {
              console.error(e)
            }

          })
          .onPageEnd((info) = > {

            let host = Url.URL.parseURL(info.url).host
            try {
              let cookie = web_webview.WebCookieManager.getCookie(host)
              console.log('Bcookie: ' + cookie)
            } catch (e) {
              console.error(e + ' ' + info.url)
            }

          })
          .onBeforeUnload((info) = > {
            return false
          })
          .onRefreshAccessedHistory((info) = > {

          })
          .onResourceLoad(() = > {

          })
          .onFullScreenEnter((info) = > {

          })
          .onFullScreenExit(() = > {

          })
          .onPermissionRequest((event) = > {

            AlertDialog.show({
              title: 'title',
              message: event.request.getAccessibleResource()[0],
              primaryButton: {
                value: 'deny',
                action: () = > {
                  event.request.deny()
                }
              },
              secondaryButton: {
                value: 'onConfirm',
                action: () = > {
                  event.request.grant(event.request.getAccessibleResource())
                }
              },
              cancel: () = > {
                event.request.deny()
              }

            })

          })
          .onInterceptKeyEvent((info) = > {
            console.log(info.keyCode + ' ' + info.keyText)
            return false
          })
          .onPageVisible((info) = > {
            console.log(info.url)
          })


        if (this.showProgress) {
          Progress({ value: this.currentProgress, total: 100, type: ProgressType.Linear })
            .width('100%').height(45)
        }

      }.height('93%').alignContent(Alignment.TopStart)

      Row() {
        Text('后退')
          .fontSize(18)
          .enabled(this.back)
          .onClick(() = > {
            if (this.webviewController.accessBackward()) {
              this.webviewController.backward()
            } else {
              if ("1" === router.getLength()) {
                this.context.terminateSelf()
              } else {
                router.back()
              }
            }
          })
          .width('30%')
          .height('100%')
          .textAlign(TextAlign.Center)
        Text('前进')
          .fontSize(18)
          .fontColor(this.currentButtonColor)
          .onClick(() = > {
            if (this.webviewController.accessForward()) {
              this.webviewController.forward()
            }
          })
          .width('30%')
          .height('100%')
          .textAlign(TextAlign.Center)
        Text('刷新')
          .fontSize(18)
          .fontColor(Color.Black)
          .onClick(() = > {
              this.webviewController.refresh()
          })
          .width('30%')
          .height('100%')
          .textAlign(TextAlign.Center)
      }.width('100%').height('5%')
      .backgroundColor(Color.White)
      .justifyContent(FlexAlign.SpaceBetween)

    }.width('100%').height('100%')
    .padding({ top: px2vp(111) })

  }
}

审核编辑 黄宇