基于STM32H743I高性能400MHz 32位ARM MCU开发方案详解

ST公司的STM32H743I是高性能工作频率400MHz的32位ARM Cortex®-M7MCU，具有浮点单元（FPU），支持Arm®双精度（IEEE 754兼容）和单精度数据处理指令和数据类型，集成了高达2MB闪存，1MB RAM，Art加速器，L1缓存，外设存储器接口以及各种外设，856 DMIPS/2.14 DMIPS/MHz （Dhrystone 2.1）。主要用在马达驱动和应用控制，医疗电子，工业应用如PLC，逆变器和电路断路器，打印机和扫描仪，告警系统，视频互连和HVAC，家庭音响，移动应用和物联网，可穿戴如智能手表。本文介绍了STM32H743xI主要特性，框图，以及评估板STM32H743I-EVAL主要特性，框图，主要元件分布图和电路图，材料清单。

STM32H743xI devices are based on the high-performance Arm® Cortex®-M7 32-bit RISC core operating at up to 400 MHz. The Cortex® -M7 core features a floating point unit （FPU） which supports Arm® double-precision （IEEE 754 compliant） and single-precision data-processing instructions and data types. STM32H743xI devices support a full set of DSP instructions and a memory protection unit （MPU） to enhance application security.

STM32H743xI devices incorporate high-speed embedded memories with a dual-bank Flash memory up to 2 Mbytes， 1 Mbyte of RAM （including 192 Kbytes of TCM RAM， 864 Kbytes of user SRAM and 4 Kbytes of backup SRAM）， as well as an extensive range of enhanced I/Os and peripherals connected to APB buses， AHB buses， 2x32-bit multi-AHB bus matrix and a multi layer AXI interconnect supporting internal and external memory access.

STM32H743xI devices are based on the high-performance Arm® Cortex®-M7 32-bit RISC core operating at up to 400 MHz. The Cortex® -M7 core features a floating point unit （FPU） which supports Arm® double-precision （IEEE 754 compliant） and single-precision data-processing instructions and data types. STM32H743xI devices support a full set of DSP instructions and a memory protection unit （MPU） to enhance application security.

STM32H743xI devices incorporate high-speed embedded memories with a dual-bank Flash memory up to 2 Mbytes， 1 Mbyte of RAM （including 192 Kbytes of TCM RAM， 864 Kbytes of user SRAM and 4 Kbytes of backup SRAM）， as well as an extensive range of enhanced I/Os and peripherals connected to APB buses， AHB buses， 2x32-bit multi-AHB bus matrix and a multi layer AXI interconnect supporting internal and external memory access.

All the devices offer three ADCs， two DACs， two ultra-low power comparators， a low-power RTC， a high-resolution timer， 12 general-purpose 16-bit timers， two PWM timers for motor control， five low-power timers and a true random number generator （RNG）。 The devices support four digital filters for external sigma-delta modulators （DFSDM）。 They also feature standard and advanced communication interfaces.

• Standard peripherals

– Four I2Cs

– Four USARTs， four UARTs and one LPUART

– Six SPIs， three I2Ss in half-duplex mode. To achieve audio class accuracy， the I2S peripherals can be clocked by a dedicated internal audio PLL or by an external clock to allow synchronization.

– Four SAI serial audio interfaces

– One SPDIFRX interface

– One SWPMI （Single Wire Protocol Master Interface）

– Management Data Input/Output （MDIO） slaves

– Two SDMMC interfaces

– A USB OTG full-speed and a USB OTG high-speed interface with full-speed capability （with the ULPI） – One FDCAN plus one TT-CAN interface

– An Ethernet interface

– Chrom-ART Accelerator™

– HDMI-CEC

• Advanced peripherals including

– A flexible memory control （FMC） interface

– A Quad-SPI Flash memory interface

– A camera interface for CMOS sensors

– An LCD-TFT display controller

– A JPEG hardware compressor/decompressor

STM32H743xI devices operate in the –40 to +85 ℃ temperature range from a 1.62 to 3.6 V power supply. The supply voltage can drop down to 1.62 V by using an external power supervisor and connecting the PDR_ON pin to VSS. Otherwise the supply voltage must stay above 1.71 V with the embedded power voltage detector enabled.

Dedicated supply inputs for USB （OTG_FS and OTG_HS） are available on all packages except LQFP100 to allow a greater power supply choice.

A comprehensive set of power-saving modes allows the design of low-power applications.

STM32H743xI devices are offered in 8 packages ranging from 100 pins to 240 pins/balls. The set of included peripherals changes with the device chosen.

These features make STM32H743xI microcontrollers suitable for a wide range of applications：

• Motor drive and application control

• Medical equipment

• Industrial applications： PLC， inverters， circuit breakers

• Printers， and scanners

• Alarm systems， video intercom， and HVAC

• Home audio appliances

• Mobile applications， Internet of Things

• Wearable devices： smart watches.

STM32H743xI主要特性：

Core

32-bit Arm® Cortex®-M7 core with double-precision FPU and L1 cache： 16 Kbytes of data and 16 Kbytes of instruction cache allowing one cache line to be filled in a single access from the 256-bit embedded Flash memory; frequency up to 400 MHz， MPU， 856 DMIPS/ 2.14 DMIPS/MHz （Dhrystone 2.1）， and DSP instructions

Memories

Up to 2 Mbytes of Flash memory with read-while-write support

1 Mbyte of RAM： 192 Kbytes of TCM RAM （inc. 64 Kbytes of ITCM RAM + 128 Kbytes of DTCM RAM for time critical routines）， 864 Kbytes of user SRAM， and 4 Kbytes of SRAM in Backup domain

Dual mode Quad-SPI memory interface running up to 133 MHz

Flexible external memory controller with up to 32-bit data bus： SRAM， PSRAM， SDRAM/LPSDR SDRAM， NOR/NAND Flash clocked up to 133 MHz in synchronous mode

CRC calculation unit

Security

ROP， PC-ROP， active tamper

General-purpose input/outputs

Up to 168 I/O ports with interrupt capability

Fast I/Os capable of up to 133 MHz

Up to 164 5 V-tolerant I/Os

Reset and power management

3 separate power domains which can be independently clock gated or switched off to maximize power efficiency：

D1： high-performance capabilities for high bandwidth peripherals

D2： communication peripherals and timers

D3： reset/clock control/power management

1.62 to 3.6 V application supply and I/Os

POR， PDR， PVD and BOR

Dedicated USB power embedding a 3.3 V internal regulator to supply the internal PHYs

Embedded regulator （LDO） with configurable scalable output to supply the digital circuitry

Voltage scaling in Run and Stop mode （5 configurable ranges）

Backup regulator （~0.9 V）

Voltage reference for analog peripheral/VREF+

Low-power modes： Sleep， Stop， Standby and VBAT supporting battery charging

Low-power consumption

Total current consumption down to 4 μA

Clock management

Internal oscillators： 64 MHz HSI， 48 MHz HSI48， 4 MHz CSI， 40 kHz LSI

External oscillators： 4-48 MHz HSE， 32.768 kHz LSE

3× PLLs （1 for the system clock， 2 for kernel clocks） with fractional mode

Interconnect matrix

4 DMA controllers to unload the CPU

1× high-speed general-purpose master direct memory access controller （MDMA） with linked list support

2× dual-port DMAs with FIFO and request router capabilities

1× basic DMA with request router capabilities

Up to 35 communication peripherals

4× I2C FM+ interfaces （SMBus/PMBus）

4× USART/4x UARTs （ISO7816 interface， LIN， IrDA， modem control， up to 12.5 Mbit/s） and 1x LPUART

6× SPIs， including 3 with muxed duplex I2S audio class accuracy via internal audio PLL or external clock， 1x I2S in LP domain （up to 133 MHz）

4x SAIs （serial audio interface）

SPDIFRX interface

SWPMI single-wire protocol master I/F

MDIO Slave interface

2× SD/SDIO/MMC interfaces （up to 125 MHz）

2× CAN controllers： 2 with CAN FD， 1 with time-triggered CAN （TT-CAN）

2× USB OTG interfaces （1FS， 1HS/FS）

Ethernet MAC interface with DMA controller

HDMI-CEC

8- to 14-bit camera interface （up to 80 MHz）

11 analog peripherals

3× ADCs with 16-bit max.resolution （14 bits 4 MSPS， 16 bits 3.6 MSPS）

1× temperature sensor

2× 12-bit D/A converters （1 MHz）

2× ultra-low-power comparators

2× operational amplifiers （8 MHz bandwidth）

1× digital filters for sigma delta modulator （DFSDM） with 8 channels/4 filters

Graphics

LCD-TFT controller up to XGA resolution

Chrom-ART graphical hardware Accelerator™ （DMA2D） to reduce CPU load

Hardware JPEG Codec

Up to 22 timers and watchdogs

1× high-resolution timer （2.5 ns max resolution）

2× 32-bit timers with up to 4 IC/OC/PWM or pulse counter and quadrature （incremental） encoder input （up to 200 MHz）

2× 16-bit advanced motor control timers （up to 200 MHz）

10× 16-bit general-purpose timers （up to 200 MHz）

5× 16-bit low-power timers （up to 200 MHz）

2× watchdogs （independent and window）

1× SysTick timer

RTC with sub-second accuracy & HW calendar

Debug mode

SWD & JTAG interfaces

4 Kbyte Embedded Trace Buffer

True random number generators （3 oscillators each）

96-bit unique ID

图1.STM32H743xI框图

评估板STM32H743I-EVAL

The STM32H743I-EVAL Evaluation board is a high-end development platform for the ARM® Cortex®-M7-based STM32H743XI microcontroller. The STM32H743I-EVAL Evaluation board provides access to all the STM32 peripherals for user applications and includes an embedded ST-LINK debugger/programmer. The full range of the hardware features on the STM32H743I-EVAL Evaluation board， helps to evaluate all the peripherals （USB OTG HS and FS， Ethernet， FD-CAN， USART， Audio DAC and ADC， digital microphone， SRAM， SDRAM， NOR Flash， Twin Quad-SPI Flash， microSD™ 3.0 card and 5.7” 640x480 TFT color LCD with touch screen） and to develop applications.

图2.评估板STM32H743I-EVAL外形图

评估板STM32H743I-EVAL主要特性：

• STM32H743XIH6 microcontroller with 2 Mbytes of Flash memory and 1 Mbyte of RAM in TFBGA240+25 package

• 5.7” 640x480 TFT-color LCD with touch screen

• Ethernet compliant with IEEE-802.3-2002

• USB OTG HS and FS

• I2C compatible serial interface

• RTC with rechargeable backup battery

• SAI Audio DAC

• ST-MEMS digital microphones

• 8-Gbyte （or more） SDIO3.0 interface microSD™ card

• 8Mx32-bit SDRAM， 1Mx16bit SRAM and 8Mx16-bit NOR Flash

• 1 1-Gbit Twin Quad-SPI NOR Flash memory or two 512Mb Quad-SPI NOR Flash memories

• Potentiometer

• 4 colored LEDs

• Reset， wakeup， tamper or key buttons

• Joystick with 4-direction control and selector

• Board connectors

– Power jack

– 3 USB with Micro-AB

– RS-232 communications

– Ethernet RJ45

– FD-CAN compliant connection

– Stereo headset jack including analog microphone input

– 2 audio jacks for external speakers

– microSD™ card

– JTAG/SWD and ETM trace

• Board expansion connectors：

– Extension connectors and memory connectors for daughterboard or wire-wrap board

• Flexible power-supply options： ST-LINK USB VBUS or external sources

• On-board ST-LINK/V2-1 debugger/programmer with USB re-enumeration capability： mass storage， virtual COM port and debug port

• Comprehensive free software libraries and examples available with the STM32Cube package

图3.评估板STM32H743I-EVAL硬件框图

图4.评估板STM32H743I-EVAL主要元件分布图

图5.评估板STM32H743I-EVAL电路图（1）

图6.评估板STM32H743I-EVAL电路图（2）：MCU

图7.评估板STM32H743I-EVAL电路图（3）：电源

图8.评估板STM32H743I-EVAL电路图（4）：SRAM，闪存和SDRAM

图9.评估板STM32H743I-EVAL电路图（5）：音频

图10.评估板STM32H743I-EVAL电路图（6）：LCD连接器

图11.评估板STM32H743I-EVAL电路图（7）：以太网

图12.评估板STM32H743I-EVAL电路图（8）：USB OTG HS

图13.评估板STM32H743I-EVAL电路图（9）：USB OTG FS

图14.评估板STM32H743I-EVAL电路图（10）：RS232

图15.评估板STM32H743I-EVAL电路图（11）：FDCAN和QSPI

图16.评估板STM32H743I-EVAL电路图（12）：microSD 3.0卡

图17.评估板STM32H743I-EVAL电路图（13）：外设

图18.评估板STM32H743I-EVAL电路图（14）：扩展连接器

图19.评估板STM32H743I-EVAL电路图（15）：ST-LINK/V2-1

图20.评估板STM32H743I-EVAL电路图（16）：MFX

图21.评估板STM32H743I-EVAL电路图（17）：JTAG和跟踪

图22.评估板STM32H743I-EVAL电路图（18）：5.7” LCD板