电子发烧友App
前言
大家好，这里是浩道linux，主要给大家分享linux、python、网络通信相关的IT知识平台。
今天浩道跟大家分享shell脚本硬核干货，可以说是拿来即用序列！
一、实现磁盘分区的
只支持分配主分区和标准的linux文件系统(ext4/xfs)的分区
#! /bin/bash # Function:对硬盘进行分区,得到一个标准的linux文件系统(ext4/xfs)的主分区 cat /proc/partitions > old read -p "请输入你要分区的硬盘(写绝对路径，如：/dev/sda)：" A if [ -e $A ];then echo "true" else echo "该设备不存在！！" exit fi read -p "请输入你要创建的磁盘分区类型(这里只能是主分区，默认按回车即可):" B read -p "请输入分区数字，范围1-4，默认从1开始，默认按回车即可：" C read -p "请输入扇区起始表号，默认按回车即可：" D read -p "请输入你要分区的分区大小(格式：如 +5G )：" E fdisk $A << EOF n p $C $D $E w EOF echo "一个标准的linux文件系统的分区已经建立好！！" partprobe $A echo "-------------------------------" cat /proc/partitions cat /proc/partitions > new F=`diff new old | grep "<" | awk '{print $5}'` echo "-------------------------------" echo $F echo "你想对新分区设定什么类型的文件系统？有以下选项：" echo "A：ext4文件系统" echo "B：xfs文件系统" read -p "请输入你的选择：" G case $G in a|A) mkfs.ext4 /dev/$F echo "该分区将被挂载在 "/mnt/$F" 下" m=`ls /mnt/|grep $F | wc -l` if [ $m -eq 0 ];then mkdir /mnt/$F fi n=`cat /etc/fstab | grep /dev/$F| wc -l` if [ $n -eq 0 ];then echo "/dev/$F /mnt/$F ext4 defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab else sed -i '/^/dev/$F/c/dev/$F /mnt/$F ext4 defaults 0 0' /etc/fstab fi mount -a df -Th ;; b|B) mkfs.xfs -f /dev/$F echo "该分区将被挂载在 "/mnt/$F" 下" m=`ls /mnt/|grep $F | wc -l` if [ $m -eq 0 ];then mkdir /mnt/$F fi n=`cat /etc/fstab | grep /dev/$F | wc -l` if [ $n -eq 0 ];then echo "/dev/$F /mnt/$F xfs defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab else sed -i '/^/dev/$F/c/dev/$F /mnt/$F xfs defaults 0 0' /etc/fstab fi mount -a df -Th ;; *) echo "你的输入有误！！" esac
二、服务器初始化
#/bin/bash
# 设置时区并同步时间
ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
if ! crontab -l |grep ntpdate &>/dev/null ; then
(echo "* 1 * * * ntpdate time.windows.com >/dev/null 2>&1";crontab -l) |crontab
fi
# 禁用selinux
sed -i '/SELINUX/{s/permissive/disabled/}' /etc/selinux/config
# 关闭防火墙
if egrep "7.[0-9]" /etc/redhat-release &>/dev/null; then
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
elif egrep "6.[0-9]" /etc/redhat-release &>/dev/null; then
service iptables stop
chkconfig iptables off
fi
# 历史命令显示操作时间
if ! grep HISTTIMEFORMAT /etc/bashrc; then
echo 'export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%F %T `whoami` "' >> /etc/bashrc
fi
# SSH超时时间
if ! grep "TMOUT=600" /etc/profile &>/dev/null; then
echo "export TMOUT=600" >> /etc/profile
fi
# 禁止root远程登录
sed -i 's/#PermitRootLogin yes/PermitRootLogin no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# 禁止定时任务向发送邮件
sed -i 's/^MAILTO=root/MAILTO=""/' /etc/crontab
# 设置最大打开文件数
if ! grep "* soft nofile 65535" /etc/security/limits.conf &>/dev/null; then
cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf << EOF
* soft nofile 65535
* hard nofile 65535
EOF
fi
# 系统内核优化
cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 20480
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 20480
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 20
EOF
# 减少SWAP使用
echo "0" > /proc/sys/vm/swappiness
# 安装系统性能分析工具及其他
yum install gcc make autoconf vim sysstat net-tools iostat if
三、查看网卡实时流量
#!/bin/bash
NIC=$1
echo -e " In ------ Out"
while true; do
OLD_IN=$(awk '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $2}' /proc/net/dev)
OLD_OUT=$(awk '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $10}' /proc/net/dev)
sleep 1
NEW_IN=$(awk '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $2}' /proc/net/dev)
NEW_OUT=$(awk '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $10}' /proc/net/dev)
IN=$(printf "%.1f%s" "$((($NEW_IN-$OLD_IN)/1024))" "KB/s")
OUT=$(printf "%.1f%s" "$((($NEW_OUT-$OLD_OUT)/1024))" "KB/s")
echo "$IN $OUT"
sleep 1
done
四、nginx日志按天切割
#!/bin/bash LOG_DIR=/usr/local/nginx/logs YESTERDAY_TIME=$(date -d "yesterday" +%F) LOG_MONTH_DIR=$LOG_DIR/$(date +"%Y-%m") LOG_FILE_LIST="default.access.log" for LOG_FILE in $LOG_FILE_LIST; do [ ! -d $LOG_MONTH_DIR ] && mkdir -p $LOG_MONTH_DIR mv $LOG_DIR/$LOG_FILE $LOG_MONTH_DIR/${LOG_FILE}_${YESTERDAY_TIME} done kill -USR1 $(cat /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid)
五、nginx acc日志分析
#!/bin/bash
# 日志格式: $remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"
LOG_FILE=$1
echo "统计访问最多的10个IP"
awk '{a[$1]++}END{print "UV:",length(a);for(v in a)print v,a[v]}' $LOG_FILE |sort -k2 -nr |head -10
echo "----------------------"
echo "统计时间段访问最多的IP"
awk '$4>="[01/Dec/201820:25" && $4<="[27/Nov/201820:49"{a[$1]++}END{for(v in a)print v,a[v]}' $LOG_FILE |sort -k2 -nr|head -10
echo "----------------------"
echo "统计访问最多的10个页面"
awk '{a[$7]++}END{print "PV:",length(a);for(v in a){if(a[v]>10)print v,a[v]}}' $LOG_FILE |sort -k2 -nr
echo "----------------------"
echo "统计访问页面状态码数量"
awk '{a[$7" "$9]++}END{for(v in a){if(a[v]>5) print v,a[v]}}'
六、监控服务器磁盘利用率
#!/bin/bash HOST_INFO=host.info # 主机列表，实现采集多台主机信息，需要能够ssh到目标主机 for IP in $(awk '/^[^#]/{print $1}' $HOST_INFO); do USER=$(awk -v ip=$IP 'ip==$1{print $2}' $HOST_INFO) PORT=$(awk -v ip=$IP 'ip==$1{print $3}' $HOST_INFO) TMP_FILE=/tmp/disk.tmp ssh -p $PORT $USER@$IP 'df -h' > $TMP_FILE USE_RATE_LIST=$(awk 'BEGIN{OFS="="}/^/dev/{print $NF,int($5)}' $TMP_FILE) for USE_RATE in $USE_RATE_LIST; do PART_NAME=${USE_RATE%=*} USE_RATE=${USE_RATE#*=} if [ $USE_RATE -ge 80 ]; then echo "Warning: $PART_NAME Partition usage $USE_RATE%!" fi done done
七、mysql备份
#!/bin/bash DATE=$(date +%F_%H-%M-%S) HOST=localhost USER=backup PASS=passwd BACKUP_DIR=/data/db_backup DB_LIST=$(mysql -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS -s -e "show databases;" 2>/dev/null |egrep -v "Database|information_schema|mysql|performance_schema|sys") for DB in $DB_LIST; do BACKUP_DB_DIR=$BACKUP_DIR/${DB}_${DATE} [ ! -d $BACKUP_DB_DIR ] && mkdir -p $BACKUP_DB_DIR &>/dev/null TABLE_LIST=$(mysql -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS -s -e "use $DB;show tables;" 2>/dev/null) for TABLE in $TABLE_LIST; do BACKUP_NAME=$BACKUP_DB_DIR/${TABLE}.sql if ! mysqldump -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS $DB $TABLE > $BACKUP_NAME 2>/dev/null; then echo "$BACKUP_NAME 备份失败!" fi done done
八、统计进程数，找出并kill掉僵尸进程
#!/bin/ bash
ALL_PROCESS=$(1s /proc/ l egrep "[0-9]+")
running_count=0
stoped_count=0s1eeping_count=0zombie_count=O
for pid in ${ALL_PROCESS[*]}do
test -f /proc/$pid/status && state=$(egrep "state"/proc/$pid/status / awk'{print $2}')
case ""$state" in
R)
running_count=$ ((running_count+1))
;
T)
stoped_count=$((stoped_count+1))
;;
s)
sleeping_count=$((sleeping_count+1));
z)
zombie_count=$( (zombie_count+1)) echo "$pid" >>zombie.txt
kill -9 "$pid"
;;
esacdone
echo -e "total:
$((running_count+stoped_count+sleeping_count+zombie_count))
running:$running_count
stoped: $stoped_count
sleeping: $sleeping_count
zombie:$zombie_count"
九、封禁大量恶意访问的IP
#!/bin/bash DATE=$(date +%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M) LOG_FILE=/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log ABNORMAL_IP=$(tail -n10000 $LOG_FILE |grep $DATE |awk '{a[$1]++}END{for(i in a)if(a[i]>10)print i}') for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then iptables -I INPUT -s $IP -j DROP echo "$(date +'%F_%T') $IP" >> /tmp/drop_ip.log fi done
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