PIC系列单片机手册

PIC系列单片机手册

第1 章 简介 1-1
简介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 1-2
本手册的宗旨 ................................................................................................................................................... 1-3
器件结构 .......................................................................................................................................................... 1-4
开发支持 .......................................................................................................................................................... 1-6
器件种类 .......................................................................................................................................................... 1-7
格式和符号的约定 ......................................................................................................................................... 1-12
相关文档 ........................................................................................................................................................ 1-14
相关应用笔记 ................................................................................................................................................. 1-17
版本历史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 1-18
第2 章 振荡器 2-1
简介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 2-2
振荡器配置 ...................................................................................................................................................... 2-2
晶体振荡器 / 陶瓷谐振器 ................................................................................................................................. 2-4
外部RC 振荡器 ............................................................................................................................................. 2-12
4MHz 内部 RC 振荡器 ................................................................................................................................... 2-13
休眠模式对片内振荡器的影响 ........................................................................................................................ 2-17
器件复位对片内振荡器的影响 ........................................................................................................................ 2-17
设计技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 2-18
相关应用笔记 ................................................................................................................................................. 2-19
版本历史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 2-20
第3 章 复位 3-1
简介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 3-2
上电复位、上电延时定时器、 起振定时器、欠压复位和奇偶校验错误复位 ...................................................... 3-4
寄存器和状态位的值 ...................................................................................................................................... 3-10
设计技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 3-16
相关应用笔记 ................................................................................................................................................. 3-17
版本历史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 3-18

第4 章 架构 4-1
简介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 4-2
时序图/ 指令周期 ............................................................................................................................................ 4-5
指令流/ 流水线 ................................................................................................................................................ 4-6
I/O 端口描述 .................................................................................................................................................... 4-7
设计技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 4-12
相关应用笔记 ................................................................................................................................................. 4-13
版本历史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 4-14

第5 章 CPU 和ALU 5-1
简介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 5-2
指令的一般格式 ............................................................................................................................................... 5-4
中央处理单元（CPU） .................................................................................................................................... 5-4
指令时钟 .......................................................................................................................................................... 5-4
算术逻辑单元（ALU） .................................................................................................................................... 5-5
状态寄存器 ...................................................................................................................................................... 5-6
OPTION_REG 寄存器 ..................................................................................................................................... 5-8
电源控制寄存器 ............................................................................................................................................... 5-9
设计技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 5-10
相关应用笔记 ................................................................................................................................................. 5-11
版本历史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 5-12
第6 章 存储器构成 6-1
简介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 6-2
程序存储器构成 ............................................................................................................................................... 6-2
数据存储器构成 ............................................................................................................................................... 6-8
初始化 ........................................................................................................................................................... 6-14
设计技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 6-16
相关应用笔记 ................................................................................................................................................. 6-17
版本历史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 6-18
第7 章 数据EEPROM 7-1
简介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 7-2
控制寄存器 ...................................................................................................................................................... 7-3
EEADR ............................................................................................................................................................ 7-4
EECON1 和EECON2 寄存器 .......................................................................................................................... 7-4
从EEPROM 数据存储器中读数据 .................................................................................................................... 7-5
向EEPROM 数据存储器中写数据 .................................................................................................................... 7-5
写校验 ............................................................................................................................................................. 7-6
误写操作保护 ................................................................................................................................................... 7-7
代码保护配置下的数据EEPROM 操作 ............................................................................................................. 7-7
初始化 ............................................................................................................................................................. 7-7
设计技巧 .......................................................................................................................................................... 7-8
相关应用笔记 ................................................................................................................................................... 7-9
版本历史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 7-10
第8 章 中断 8-1
简介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 8-2
控制寄存器 ...................................................................................................................................................... 8-5
中断响应延时 ................................................................................................................................................. 8-10
INT 和外部中断 .............................................................................................................................................. 8-10
中断的现场保护 ............................................................................................................................................. 8-11
初始化 ........................................................................................................................................................... 8-14
设计技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 8-16相关应用笔记 ................................................................................................................................................. 8-17
版本历史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 8-18第9 章 I/O 端口 9-1
简介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 9-2
PORTA 和TRISA 寄存器 ................................................................................................................................ 9-4
PORTB 和TRISB 寄存器 ................................................................................................................................ 9-6
PORTC 和TRISC 寄存器 ................................................................................................................................ 9-8
PORTD 和TRISD 寄存器 ................................................................................................................................ 9-9
PORTE 和TRISE 寄存器 ............................................................................................................................... 9-10
PORTF 和 TRISF 寄存器 ............................................................................................................................... 9-11
PORTG 和TRISG 寄存器 .............................................................................................................................. 9-12
GPIO 和TRISGP 寄存器 ............................................................................................................................... 9-13
I/O 编程注意事项 ........................................................................................................................................... 9-14
初始化 ........................................................................................................................................................... 9-16
设计技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 9-17
相关应用笔记 ................................................................................................................................................. 9-19
版本历史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 9-20
第10 章 并行从动端口 10-1
简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 10-2
控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 10-3
操作 ............................................................................................................................................................... 10-4
休眠模式下的操作 ......................................................................................................................................... 10-5
复位的影响 .................................................................................................................................................... 10-5
PSP 波形 ....................................................................................................................................................... 10-5
设计技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 10-6
相关应用笔记 ................................................................................................................................................. 10-7
版本历史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 10-8

第11 章 TIMER0 11-1
简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 11-2
控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 11-3
操作 ............................................................................................................................................................... 11-4
TMR0 中断 .................................................................................................................................................... 11-5
Timer0 外部时钟的使用 ................................................................................................................................. 11-6
TMR0 的预分频器 ......................................................................................................................................... 11-7
设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 11-10
相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 11-11
版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 11-12
第12 章 TIMER1 12-1
简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 12-2
控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 12-3
Timer1 工作在定时器模式 ..............................................................................................................................12-4
Timer1 工作在同步计数器模式 ....................................................................................................................... 12-4
Timer1 工作在异步计数器模式 ....................................................................................................................... 12-5
Timer1 振荡器 ............................................................................................................................................... 12-7
休眠操作 ........................................................................................................................................................ 12-9
用CCP 触发器的输出将Timer1 复位 ............................................................................................................. 12-9
Timer1 寄存器（TMR1H:TMR1L）的复位 .................................................................................................... 12-9
Timer1 预分频器 ............................................................................................................................................ 12-9
初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 12-10
设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 12-12
相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 12-13
版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 12-14
第13 章 TIMER2 13-1
简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 13-2
控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 13-3
定时器时钟源 ................................................................................................................................................. 13-4
定时器TMR2 和PR2 周期寄存器 .................................................................................................................. 13-4
TMR2 匹配输出 ............................................................................................................................................. 13-4
将Timer2 的预分频器和后分频器清零 ........................................................................................................... 13-4
休眠操作 ........................................................................................................................................................ 13-4
初始化 ........................................................................................................................................................... 13-5
设计技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 13-6
相关应用笔记 ................................................................................................................................................. 13-7
版本历史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 13-8
第14 章 比较/ 捕捉/ 脉宽调制(CCP) 14-1
简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 14-2
控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 14-3
捕捉模式 ........................................................................................................................................................ 14-4
比较模式 ........................................................................................................................................................ 14-6
PWM 模式 ..................................................................................................................................................... 14-8
初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 14-12
设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 14-15
相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 14-17
版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 14-18第15 章 同步串行口（SSP） 15-1
简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 15-2
控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 15-3
SPITM 模式 .................................................................................................................................................... 15-6
SSP 模块的I2CTM 操作 ............................................................................................................................... 15-16
初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 15-26
设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 15-28
相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 15-29
版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 15-30
第16 章 基本同步串行口（BSSP） 16-1
简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 16-2
控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 16-3
SPITM 模式 .................................................................................................................................................... 16-6
SSP 模块 的I2CTM 操作 ............................................................................................................................... 16-15
初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 16-23
设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 16-24
相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 16-25
版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 16-26
第17 章 主同步串行口（MSSP） 17-1
简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 17-2
控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 17-4
SPITM 模式 .................................................................................................................................................... 17-9
SSP 模块的 I2C™ 操作 ............................................................................................................................... 17-18
I2CTM 总线的连接注意事项 ........................................................................................................................... 17-56
初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 17-57
设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 17-58
相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 17-59
版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 17-60
第18 章 USART 18-1
简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 18-2
控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 18-3
USART 波特率发生器（BRG） ..................................................................................................................... 18-5
USART 异步工作模式 ................................................................................................................................... 18-8
USART 同步主控模式 .................................................................................................................................. 18-15
USART 同步从动模式 ................................................................................................................................. 18-19
初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 18-21
设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 18-22
相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 18-23
版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 18-24第19 章 参考电压模块 19-1
简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 19-2
控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 19-3
配置参考电压 ................................................................................................................................................. 19-4
参考电压精度 ................................................................................................................................................. 19-5
休眠模式下的操作 ......................................................................................................................................... 19-5
复位的影响 .................................................................................................................................................... 19-5
连接注意事项 ................................................................................................................................................. 19-6
初始化 ........................................................................................................................................................... 19-7
设计技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 19-8
相关应用笔记 ................................................................................................................................................. 19-9
版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 19-10
第20 章 比较器 20-1
简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 20-2
控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 20-3
设置比较器模式 ............................................................................................................................................. 20-4
比较器工作原理 ............................................................................................................................................. 20-6
比较器参考源 ................................................................................................................................................. 20-6
比较器的响应时间 ......................................................................................................................................... 20-8
比较器输出 .................................................................................................................................................... 20-8
比较器中断 .................................................................................................................................................... 20-9
休眠状态下比较器的操作 ............................................................................................................................... 20-9
复位的影响 .................................................................................................................................................... 20-9
模拟输入连接方式注意事项 .......................................................................................................................... 20-10
初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 20-11
设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 20-12
相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 20-13
版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 20-14
第21 章 8 位A/D 转换器 21-1
简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 21-2
控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 21-3
操作 ............................................................................................................................................................... 21-5
A/D 采集时间要求 .......................................................................................................................................... 21-6
A/D 转换时钟的选择 ...................................................................................................................................... 21-8
配置模拟输入端口 ......................................................................................................................................... 21-9
A/D 转换 ...................................................................................................................................................... 21-10
休眠期间的A/D 转换 ................................................................................................................................... 21-12
A/D 精度/ 误差 ............................................................................................................................................ 21-13
复位对A/D 转换的影响 ................................................................................................................................ 21-13
CCP 触发器的使用 ...................................................................................................................................... 21-14
连接注意事项 ............................................................................................................................................... 21-14
传递函数 ...................................................................................................................................................... 21-14
初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 21-15
设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 21-16
相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 21-17
版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 21-18第22 章 基本型8 位A/D 转换器 22-1
简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 22-2
控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 22-3
A/D 采集时间要求 .......................................................................................................................................... 22-6
A/D 转换时钟的选择 ...................................................................................................................................... 22-8
配置模拟输入端口 ....................................................................................................................................... 22-10
A/D 转换 ...................................................................................................................................................... 22-11
休眠期间的A/D 转换 ................................................................................................................................... 22-14
A/D 转换精度/ 误差 ..................................................................................................................................... 22-15
复位对A/D 转换的影响 ................................................................................................................................ 22-16
连接时的考虑事项 ....................................................................................................................................... 22-16
传递函数 ...................................................................................................................................................... 22-16
初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 22-17
设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 22-18
相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 22-19
版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 22-20
第23 章 10 位A/D 转换器 23-1
简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 23-2
控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 23-3
操作 ............................................................................................................................................................... 23-5
A/D 采集时间要求 .......................................................................................................................................... 23-6
A/D 转换时钟的选择 ...................................................................................................................................... 23-8
模拟输入引脚的设置 ...................................................................................................................................... 23-9
A/D 转换的编程举例 .................................................................................................................................... 23-10
休眠期间的A/D 转换 ................................................................................................................................... 23-14
复位对A/D 转换的影响 ................................................................................................................................ 23-14
A/D 转换精度与误差 .................................................................................................................................... 23-15
连接时的考虑事项 ....................................................................................................................................... 23-16
传递函数 ...................................................................................................................................................... 23-16
初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 23-17
设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 23-18
相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 23-19
版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 23-20
第24 章 积分型A/D 转换器 24-1
简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 24-2
控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 24-3
转换过程 ........................................................................................................................................................ 24-6
其它模拟模块 ............................................................................................................................................... 24-12
校准参数 ...................................................................................................................................................... 24-13
设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 24-14
相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 24-15
版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 24-16第25 章 LCD 25-1
简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 25-2
控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 25-3
LCD 定时 ....................................................................................................................................................... 25-6
LCD 中断 ..................................................................................................................................................... 25-12
像素控制 ...................................................................................................................................................... 25-13
电压发生器 .................................................................................................................................................. 25-15
休眠模式下的操作 ....................................................................................................................................... 25-16
复位的影响 .................................................................................................................................................. 25-17
LCD 模块的设置 .......................................................................................................................................... 25-17
判别比 ......................................................................................................................................................... 25-18
LCD 电压发生器 .......................................................................................................................................... 25-20
对比度 ......................................................................................................................................................... 25-22
LCD 玻璃基板 .............................................................................................................................................. 25-22
初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 25-23
设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 25-24
相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 25-25
版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 25-26
第26 章 看门狗定时器与休眠模式 26-1
简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 26-2
控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 26-3
看门狗定时器（WDT）的操作 ....................................................................................................................... 26-4
休眠省电模式 ................................................................................................................................................. 26-7
初始化 ........................................................................................................................................................... 26-9
设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 26-10
相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 26-11
版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 26-12
第27 章 器件配置位 27-1
简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 27-2
配置字位 ........................................................................................................................................................ 27-4
编程校验/ 代码保护 ....................................................................................................................................... 27-8
识别码ID 的位置 ........................................................................................................................................... 27-9
设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 27-10
相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 27-11
版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 27-12
第28 章 在线串行编程 28-1
简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 28-2
进入在线串行编程模式 .................................................................................................................................. 28-3
应用电路 ........................................................................................................................................................ 28-4
编程器 ........................................................................................................................................................... 28-6
编程环境 ........................................................................................................................................................ 28-6
其它优点 ........................................................................................................................................................ 28-7
PICmicro® OTP 型单片机的现场编程 ............................................................................................................. 28-8
FLASH 型 PICmicro® 单片机的现场编程 ...................................................................................................... 28-10
设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 28-12
相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 28-13
版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 28-14第29 章 指令集 29-1
简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 29-2
指令格式 ........................................................................................................................................................ 29-4
作为源/ 目标寄存器的特殊功能寄存器 ........................................................................................................... 29-6
Q 周期操作 .................................................................................................................................................... 29-7
指令描述 ........................................................................................................................................................ 29-8
设计技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 29-45
相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 29-47
版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 29-48
第30 章 电气规范 30-1
简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 30-2
绝对最大值 .................................................................................................................................................... 30-3
器件选型表 .................................................................................................................................................... 30-4
器件电压规范 ................................................................................................................................................. 30-5
器件电流特性 ................................................................................................................................................. 30-6
输入阈值电平 ................................................................................................................................................. 30-9
I/O 电流特性 ................................................................................................................................................ 30-10
输出驱动电压 ............................................................................................................................................... 30-11
I/O 引脚的容性负载 ..................................................................................................................................... 30-12
数据EEPROM / 闪存 .................................................................................................................................. 30-13
LCD ............................................................................................................................................................. 30-14
比较器和参考电压 ....................................................................................................................................... 30-15
时序参数符号 ............................................................................................................................................... 30-16
外部时钟时序波形图和时序要求示例 ............................................................................................................ 30-17
上电和复位时序波形图及要求示例 ............................................................................................................... 30-19
定时器Timer0 和Timer1 时序波形图及要求示例 ......................................................................................... 30-20
CCP 的时序图及要求 ................................................................................................................................... 30-21
并行从动端口 (PSP) 时序图及要求 .............................................................................................................. 30-22
SSP 和 MSSP SPITM 模式时序波形图及要求示例 ....................................................................................... 30-23
SSP I2CTM 模式时序波形图及要求示例 ........................................................................................................ 30-27
MSSP I2CTM 模式时序波形图及要求示例 ..................................................................................................... 30-30
USART/SCI 时序波形图及要求示例 ............................................................................................................. 30-32
8 位 A/D 时序波形图及要求示例 ................................................................................................................... 30-34
10 位A/D 时序波形图及要求示例 ................................................................................................................. 30-36
积分型A/D 时序波形图及要求示例 ............................................................................................................... 30-38
LCD 时序波形图及要求示例 ......................................................................................................................... 30-40
相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 30-41
版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 30-42
第31 章 器件特性 31-1
简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 31-2
特性和电气规范 ............................................................................................................................................. 31-2
DC 和AC 特性图表 ....................................................................................................................................... 31-2
版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 31-22第32 章 开发工具 32-1
简介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 32-2
集成开发环境（IDE） ................................................................................................................................... 32-3
MPLAB® 软件语言支持 ................................................................................................................................. 32-6
MPLAB® SIM 软件模拟器 ............................................................................................................................... 32-8
MPLAB® 硬件仿真器支持 ............................................................................................................................... 32-9
MPLAB® 编程器支持 ................................................................................................................................... 32-10
辅助工具 ...................................................................................................................................................... 32-11
开发板 ......................................................................................................................................................... 32-12
针对其它Microchip 产品的开发工具 ............................................................................................................ 32-14
相关应用笔记 ............................................................................................................................................... 32-15
版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 32-16
第33 章 代码开发 33-1
版本历史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 33-2
第34 章 附录 34-1
I2CTM 概述...................................................................................................................................................... 34-2
LCD 玻璃基板生产商.................................................................................................................................... 34-11
改进的器件特性............................................................................................................................................ 34-13
版本历史....................................................................................................................................................... 34-19
第35 章 术语表 35-1
版本历史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 35-14
目录