光伏系统输出的测量

　　光伏系统输出的测量

　　在太阳能光伏发电的带动下，从可再生能源中获取能源的市场正在蓬勃发展。在最简单的水平上，一个单独的住宅配备了一个光伏系统，为自己使用发电，并将多余的反馈给国家电网。最高级别是公用事业规模的光伏发电厂和太阳能农场，有助于改善电网的弹性，并帮助各国政府实现减少二氧化碳排放的全球目标。

　　与此同时，智能电网的概念正在出现，为国家电力基础设施提供急需的升级。智能电表和非高峰电价的部署将有助于公用事业达到高峰需求而不过度提高总产能。技术如“需求响应”和“交互能量将帮助我们有效地利用可再生能源发电。

　　智能电网成功的关键是可见性、可控性和双向通信。这些关键方面的基础是需要准确地监测能源生产和消费，以及收集分析数据。

　　Figure 1： From UK rooftop to Colorado solar farm， energy monitoring is an essential requirement. Photo credit （right）： Steve Wilcox， NREL.

　　At the heart of measuring and monitoring， the performance of energy generation and consumption is the current sensor. This article will consider a select number of typical devices to show how they can be used in smart meters and energy-monitoring systems connected to photovoltaic panels.

　　Allegro offers a range of linear Hall-Effect sensors and integrated current sensors covering a number of applications， including the output side of the PV cell inverter， and for non-intrusive measurements and monitoring alongside smart meters.

　　Analog Devices， a pioneer in electronic energy metering， offers its CN0241 high-side current-sensing circuit with input overvoltage protection plus an evaluation package.

　　Finally， the 78M6613， 78M6618， and 78M6631 AC power-monitoring SoC devices from Maxim Integrated provide an alternative approach for single- and three-phase systems， also based on current-sensing technology.