用于能量收集应用的存储替代方案

　　用于能量收集应用的存储替代方案

　　替代能源间歇性地提供少量电力，有时功率水平可能与依赖它们的应用程序的需求不相匹配。需要某种形式的能量存储，尽管解决方案会随应用程序的需求而变化。本文将研究各种能量缓冲解决方案，包括小外形电池、薄膜电池和超级电容器，着重说明它们的规格和最适合它们的应用。

　　供应方面

　　正如半导体缓冲区在处理器和内存之间平滑数据流一样，能量收集源及其相关应用程序之间需要某种缓冲。所需缓冲量与供需不匹配的比例成比例增加。

　　On the supply side there is a great deal of variability in the amount of power available from different energy harvesting sources （see Table 1）。 With the exception of the ambient RF， typical energy harvesting devices can supply anywhere from 10 µW to 1 mW， though rarely on a steady basis. Solar power is obviously only available when the sun is out; vibration/motion sources only work when the motor is turned on or the person being monitored is moving; and thermal sources only work when there is a reliable source of heat and a heat sink to generate the temperature gradient required by thermal electric generators （TEG‘s）.