Connecting to the Grid， to the Net， and to You

　　Connecting to the Grid， to the Net， and to You

　　工程师们设计了智能电网以提高能源效率、电网管理和高质量的电力输送。增加智能电网的复杂性是微电网的一个相对新概念。控制功率流通过实时数据管理使用维护提供标准的能力已经变得比以往任何时候都说到连接微电网和电网系统更重要。

　　微电网已成为智能电网的重要组成部分。这些小型能源生产商已经出现在具有前瞻性的社区、校园、军事设施和其他相关化合物中。微电网可以从公用电网供电或取电。它也可以断开与主电网和自主操作。

　　因为几乎任何人都可以安装一个本地化的电力系统，确保质量标准和适当的网格同步是最重要的。实时电源管理和遥测是智能电网的重要组成部分，复杂的算法和快速、可靠的数字资源也是实现所有联网系统平衡和优化所必需的。对微网进行连续优化，以达到最佳的功率效率和电能质量。

　　Optimizing power： smart grid

　　One of the key building blocks of a microgrid that incorporates solar PV panels is that of a micro-inverter. Such inverters typically operate below 500 Watts and are tied to the smart grid – termed ‘grid-tied’ – and use a microcontroller to perform all aspects of control. One of the MCU’s main functions is to act as a maximum power point tracker （MPPT）， processing algorithms to maximize PV power output. It also has the task of DC-AC power inversion and synchronization to the smart grid using a phase-locked loop （PLL）。 Maintaining a clean current feed to the grid while also maintaining maximum power efficiency in a PV system can be a challenge， and improving power output in a PV system by including an inverter on each solar panel， is seen as beneficial. In this way power loss due to shading can be virtually eliminated. The emergence of fast-digitizing technology and falling component costs have made this type of architecture viable. Microcontroller suppliers， such as Texas Instruments， have been proactive in providing plenty of design support to engineers wishing to embark on a micro-inverter design. For example， TI’s C2000 Piccolo microcontroller is an ideal candidate for use in digitally controlled micro-inverter applications. To assist design engineers in prototyping a design， TI provides a plethora of design resources as part of a 250 Watt grid-tied solar micro-inverter reference design， which uses the TI C2000 Piccolo isolated controlCARD. Based around the TI C2000 Piccolo F28035 MCU， the controlCARD provides all the GPIO， ADC， and power regulation components in a convenient 100 pin DIMM format. Intended for prototyping and low volume applications， it provides all the digital control elements on a single board and only requires the addition of the power conversion components to facilitate a complete end design. It also includes optoisolators for the serial bus and JTAG port connectivity， and noise filters and ADC input clamping protection. A reliable voltage reference source is also provided for use with the ADC. TI offers a comprehensive set of design resources that accompany the controlCARD and include a full BOM， schematics， test data， and design files that significantly speed the development of an inverter solution.