直驱多相高压永磁同步风力发电机优化设计模型的研究

直驱多相（或多绕组）永磁同步发电机在大功率（WM 级）风电系统中具有很好的应用前景，它提供多个隔离电源用于全功率变流器的串并联混合设计，可以显著提高变流器的效率。它还可以通过连接级联式高压变流器实现无升压变压器的技术方案，用于海上风力发电系统。本文提出了一种新型直驱多相高压永磁同步风力发电机的结构，这种发电机通过定子侧串联的电力电子变流器来实现高压输出，因此具有较低的匝间绝缘，这可以提高定子槽的利用率，从而大大减小传统三相高压电机的体积和质量。本文主要研究了这种直驱多相永磁同步发电机的优化设计方法，并提出了一种优化设计模型。该优化模型以成本和费效比CPEO=C/(Sn×η)为目标函数（C 为成本，Sn 为发电机容量，η为效率），通过比较的方法来对新型直驱多相高压永磁同步风力发电机的转速nN、频率f 和主要尺寸比Krad 进行最优设计。通过对优化计模型的研究，为大功率直驱多相高压
永磁同步风力发电机的优化设计提供理论依据。
Abstract: The multiphase direct-drive PMSG is promising when being applied in large wind turbine system (MW). It offers several
isolated power supplies for full-size converters. It’s convenient to combine the basic converters together by series- or parallel-connection
flexibly. Such a combination will improve efficiency of the converters. And it is a kind of basic technology to realize transformerless wind
power conversion system used for offshore wind power plant. The paper proposes a novel structure of the direct-drive multi-phase HV
PMSG that generates high voltage by power electronic converters. As a result, the in-turn insulation requirement of the generator
decreases and the availability of the stator slot increases, that contributes to reduce the bulk and mass of the generator compare with
traditional HV three-phase PMSG. The paper mainly studies optimal design of such a novel generator and presents an optimization model.
The objective function of the model is ratio of cost to energy out (CPEO). CPEO=C/(Sn×η), in which C is cost, Sn generator capacity, η
efficiency. The comparison is carried out respectively to search the optimal design of the generator rotor speed, frequency and the ratio of axial length to air gap diameter. The study presents a theoretical guidance for the optimal design of large direct-drive multiphase PMSG.
关键词：直驱风力发电机；高压永磁发电机；多相永磁发电机；优化设计
Keywords: direct-drive generator for wind turbine, high voltage permanent magnet generator, multiphase generator, optimal design